Pons

Question 1

What is a major landmark of the pons?

Answer 1

Pontine protuberance

Question 2

The base of the pons is the ______ while the dorsal part of the pons is mostly ______

Answer 2

base - pontine protuberance

dorsal - tegmentum

Question 3

What two structures are in the Facial colliculus?

Answer 3

1. Nucleus of CN 6

2. Motor root of 7

Question 4

What is the bridge between the pons and the cerebellum?

Answer 4

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 5

What two cranial nerves are found in the low pons?

Answer 5

CN 6

CN 7

Question 6

What separates the pontine protuberance from the tegmentum?

Answer 6

Medial lemniscus

Question 7

corticobulbar tracts innervate the ____ while the corticospinal tracts innervate the ____

Answer 7

corticobulbar - face

corticospinal - body

Question 8

What structure in the pons is important for fast horizontal conjugate eye movements?

Answer 8

PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation)

Question 9

What CN and nucleus are responsible for tearing?

Answer 9

CN 7

Superior salivatory nucleus

Question 10

What are the two roots of the facial nerve?

Answer 10

Motor root

Nervus intermedius

Question 11

the motor nucleus of CN VII innervates the ____ and _____

Answer 11

1. face

2. stapedius (middle ear)

Question 12

The facial nerve enters the _____ _____ _____ and exits through the ______ ______

Answer 12

internal auditory meatus

stylomastoid foramen

Question 13

CN VII ____ the eye while CN III ____ the eyes

Answer 13

CN VII - closes

CN III - opens

Question 14

The superior salivatory nucleus innervates the _____ gland while the inferior salivatory nucleus innervates the ____ gland

Answer 14

superior - lacrimal

inferior - parotid

Question 15

The greater petrosal nerve carries _____ fibers while the deep petrosal nerve carries ____ fibers

Answer 15

greater petrosal - parasympathetic

deep petrosal - sympathetic

Question 16

Does CN VII synapse with the Geniculate ganglion?

Answer 16

Fuck that shit, it just runs through it

Question 17

What brainstem nucleus does the greater superficial petrosal nerve originate?

Answer 17

Superior salivatory nucleus

Question 18

chorda tympani runs below the __________

Answer 18

Greater superficial petrosal nerve

Question 19

What cranial nucleus is responsible for general sensation behind the ear?

Answer 19

Spinal trigeminal nucleus through CN 7

Question 20

Corticobulbar lesions cause _____ facial weakness while CN VII lesions cause _____ facial weakness

Answer 20

corticobulbar - central (UMN)

CN VII - peripheral (LMN)

Question 21

Corticobulbar tracts synapse with all _____ cranial nuclei

Answer 21

motor

Question 22

Why don’t parasympathetics get coricobulbar drive?

Answer 22

because they don’t innervate striated skeletal muscle

Question 23

upper face LMNs get _______ corticobulbar innervation while low face LMNs get _______ corticobulbar innervation

Answer 23

upper face - bilateral innervation

lower face - contralateral innervation

Question 24

Does the GSPN carry pre or post ganglionic nerve fibers?

Answer 24

pre

Question 25

The Pons is important for _____ conjugate eye movements while the Midbrain is important for _____ conjugate eye movements

Answer 25

pons - horizontal eye movements | midbrain - vertical eye movements

Question 26

What are the associated symptoms of a lesion of the sixth nerve in the pons?

Answer 26

1. Horizontal gaze palsy 2. contra spastic hemiparesis 3. CN 7 palsy ("long tract" signs)

Question 27

What are the associated symptoms of a lesion of the sixth nerve in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 27

1. LMN signs of CN 7 2. no facial numbness or body weakness * cuz CN 6 and 7 reside in subarachnoid space*

Question 28

What could cause a 6th nerve lesion in Dorello's canal?

Answer 28

Mastoiditis or metastatic bone cancer

Question 29

What cranial nerves are in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 29

3, 4, V1, V2, 6 | *not V3*

Question 30

What are three characteristics that indicate a CN 6 lesion in the orbit?

Answer 30

1. CN 6 palsy 2. proptosis 3. RAPD

Question 31

How long does it take for an isolated vasculopathy to recover after temporary ischemia and demyelination?

Answer 31

90 days

Question 32

The frontal eye fields is located in the ______ lobes and helps to generate saccades to the ______ side

Answer 32

frontal lobes | saccades to the opposite side

Question 33

What is a saccade?

Answer 33

rapid eye movement from one fixation point to another

Question 34

A right MLF lesion would lead to an INO on what side?

Answer 34

the right

Question 35

If a patient is experiencing a left, right, or binocular INO (internuclear Ophthalmoplegia) but is able to converge, what part of the brain is ok and what is damaged?

Answer 35

midbrain is ok | pons is damaged