Meiosis

Question 76

cells can be fused in vitro by adding:

Answer 76

ethylene glycol

Question 77

diffusable factor in M-phase cells can induce G1 phase cell to enter M-phase

Answer 77

MPF

Question 78

diffusible factor responsible for initiating S-phase

Answer 78

SPF

Question 79

diffusable S-phase factor (SPF) does not act on:

Answer 79

G2 phase

Question 80

xenopus females lay eggs when injected with:

Answer 80

hCG

Question 81

oocytes are arrested this in cell phase

Answer 81

G2

Question 82

meiosis induced in oocyte arrested in G2 by:

Answer 82

steroid hormone (progesterone)

Question 83

egg arrested in this phase after progesterone previously added

Answer 83

Meiosis II

Question 84

egg arrests in metaphase of Meiosis II until:

Answer 84

fertilization

Question 85

fertilization induces completion of: (3)

Answer 85

meiosis, pronuclear fusion, mitotic cleavage

Question 86

orientation of kinetochores during Mesiosis I

Answer 86

co-orientation

Question 87

2 phases not part of Meiosis II

Answer 87

interphase and prophase

Question 88

during oogenesis, this is discarded and becomes 1st polar body

Answer 88

2n daughter cell

Question 89

during oogenesis, this is discarded and becomes 2nd polar body

Answer 89

1n

Question 90

chromosome recombination happens in:

Answer 90

meiosis I

Question 91

cytoplasm from oocytes arrested in this phase induces oocytes arrested in G2 to enter meiosis

Answer 91

meiosis II

Question 92

promotes entry into the cell cycle

Answer 92

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)

Question 93

test MPF level of cell phase by:

Answer 93

removing cytoplasm (at different stages) and inject into G2 oocyte (arrested)

Question 94

hormone induces MPF activity

Answer 94

progesterone

Question 95

MPF levels high during these parts of cell cycle

Answer 95

Meiosis I, Meiosis II metaphase arrest, 1st embryonic mitosis, 2nd embryonic mitosis

Question 96

chemical blocks: (2)

Answer 96

MPF activity and translation

Question 97

MPF activity is independent of: (2)

Answer 97

nucleus and transcription

Question 98

location components required for cell cycle progression stored

Answer 98

cytoplasm

Question 99

levels of this protein crash right before cleavage

Answer 99

Cyclin B

Question 100

activity of this rises/falls in synchrony with cyclin B concentration

Answer 100

MPF

Question 101

rise of MPF is necessary to:

Answer 101

enter mitosis

Question 102

fall of MPF activity and exit from mitosis depend on:

Answer 102

degredation of Cyclin B

Question 103

organism type does not divide evenly

Answer 103

budding yeast

Question 104

way to assay mutants in genes controlling cell cycle (which typically cannot be recovered)

Answer 104

conditional loss-of-function mutation

Question 105

mutant prevents entry into mitosis

Answer 105

cdc2

Question 106

cdc2 mutant is characterized by:

Answer 106

larger than normal cells

Question 107

type of cdc2 mutation produces very small cells

Answer 107

dominant cdc2

Question 108

mutant arrests in G1 phase wihtout entering S-phase

Answer 108

cdc28 mutant

Question 109

cdc28 is a condidate for:

Answer 109

SPF

Question 110

cdc2 acts in these transitions

Answer 110

G2 to M and G1 to S

Question 111

cdc2 cell cycle transition more sensitive to changes in MPF

Answer 111

C2 to M

Question 112

cdc28 acts in these transitions

Answer 112

G2 to M and G1 to S

Question 113

cdc28 cell cycle more sensitive to changes in SPF

Answer 113

G1 to S

Question 114

technique used to assay yeast genomic library

Answer 114

functional complementation

Question 115

cdc2 and cdc28 encode small proteins with kinase activity

Answer 115

Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK)

Question 116

CDK protein regulated by:

Answer 116

cyclin

Question 117

part of cyclin blocks access of protein substrates to g-phosphate of ATP in free CDK

Answer 117

T-loop

Question 118

this induces conformational change that pulls T-loop of cyclin from actin site

Answer 118

Cyclin A binding

Question 119

point in late G1 phase when cell becomes irrevocably commited to entering cell cycle

Answer 119

START

Question 120

inactive cdc28 mutants after START arrest in:

Answer 120

G1

Question 121

cdc mutants cannot pass:

Answer 121

START

Question 122

CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3 drive this cell cycle transition

Answer 122

G1 to S

Question 123

overexpression of CLN1, CLN2, or CLN3 decreases:

Answer 123

number of cells in G1 (cells go through G1 quicker)

Question 124

technique sorts cells based on DNA content

Answer 124

flow cytometry

Question 125

flow cytometry: amount of fluorescence proportional to:

Answer 125

amount of DNA in cell

Question 126

two general sypes of cyclins in vertebrates

Answer 126

G1 type and B-type cyclins

Question 127

cyclin acts in G1

Answer 127

G1 cyclin

Question 128

B-type cyclins act in these parts of cell cycle

Answer 128

S, G2, and M

Question 129

G1 type cyclins act in Mid-G1

Answer 129

CLN3 and Cyclin D

Question 130

G1 type cyclins act in late G1

Answer 130

CLN1, CLN2, and Cyclin E

Question 131

general types of cyclins contain conserved destruction box for degradation by APC/C

Answer 131

B-type cyclins

Question 132

specific types of B-type cyclins

Answer 132

Cyclin A and Cyclin B