Mitosis

Question 0

cell cycle phase: DNA replication

Answer 0

S phase

Question 1

cell cycle phase: cells grow in size

Answer 1

G1

Question 2

cell cycle phase: cell prepares for mitosis

Answer 2

G2

Question 3

cell cycle phase: mitosis

Answer 3

M phase

Question 4

7 phases of mitosis from first to last

Answer 4

interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 5

number of times centrosomes duplicate during cell cycle

Answer 5

once

Question 6

this increases dramatically when two centrosomes move apart

Answer 6

gamma - TURC

Question 7

an increase in gamma-TURC when centrosomes move apart causes:

Answer 7

centrosome maturation

Question 8

these link sister chromatids

Answer 8

cohesins

Question 9

At the end of S phase, pair of identical sister chromatids are glued together along entire length by:

Answer 9

cohesion complex

Question 10

coiled coil cohesion subunits with ATPase domain at one end

Answer 10

Smc1 and Smc3

Question 11

cohesin subunits connect ATPase head domains that form circle enclosing sister chromatids

Answer 11

Scc1 and Scc3

Question 12

cohesion complex disrupted at this part of mitosis phase

Answer 12

metaphase-anaphase transition

Question 13

protein complex laid down in S-phase to keep sister chromatids together

Answer 13

Cohesins

Question 14

MT based machine dedicated to separating the sister chromatids

Answer 14

mitotic spindle

Question 15

3 classes of mitotic spindle MTs

Answer 15

astral, kinetochore, polar

Question 16

mitotic spindle class extends from the spindle pole to cell cortex

Answer 16

astral

Question 17

mitotic spindle class exdends from spindle pole to chromosome

Answer 17

kinetochore

Question 18

mitotic spindle class extends from one pole toward metaphase plate and interacts with MTs from other pole in anti-parallel fashion

Answer 18

polar

Question 19

mitotic spindle class responsible for pushing duplicated centrosomes during prophase (maintaining spindle structure) and pushing spindle poles apart in Anaphase B

Answer 19

polar

Question 20

necessary components for mitosis

Answer 20

tubulin, ATP, cytoplasmic proteins (from egg), centrosomes, DNA, nuclear proteins (from sperm)

Question 21

phase with low numbers of catastrophies

Answer 21

interphase

Question 22

phase with high numbers of catasrophies

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

these factors regulate stability of mitotic MTs

Answer 23

Kinesin-13 and MAP

Question 24

activity of this protein is stable during mitosis

Answer 24

Kinesin-13

Question 25

activity of this protein decreases during mitosis

Answer 25

XMAP215

Question 26

catasrophy factor during mitosis

Answer 26

Kinesin-13

Question 27

specialized protein complex associated with the centromere

Answer 27

kinetochore

Question 28

kinetochore proteins act to capture:

Answer 28

ends of spindle MTs

Question 29

orientation kinetochores constructed to prevent same pole attaching

Answer 29

back-to-back

Question 30

two layers of kinetochore

Answer 30

outer kinetochore and inner kinethochore

Question 31

binds to DNA and activates Ran in the nucleus

Answer 31

Ran-GEF

Question 32

cycles in and out of nucleus as part of nuclear-import-export machinery

Answer 32

Ran

Question 33

Ran type distributed evenly throughout cytoplasm

Answer 33

Ran-GAP

Question 34

concentration of Ran-GTP near chromosome

Answer 34

high Ran-GTP concentration

Question 35

Ran-GTP activates proteins that induce release of:

Answer 35

MT stabilizing factors

Question 36

MT attachment at chromosomes remains weak until:

Answer 36

bi-orientation occurs

Question 37

Bi-orientation of MT attachment to kinetochore creates:

Answer 37

tension

Question 38

kinetochores assemble at chromosome region marked by:

Answer 38

H3 Histone variant, CENP-A

Question 39

long and flexible complex links + end of MT to Inner kinetochore

Answer 39

Ndc-80

Question 40

Ndc function controlled by proteins in:

Answer 40

Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC)

Question 41

location of CPC during early mitosis

Answer 41

inner centromeric region of chromosomes

Question 42

CPC contains this kinase

Answer 42

Aurora-B

Question 43

kinetochore component in centromeric region phosphorylated by Aurora-B

Answer 43

Ndc-80

Question 44

component of kinetochore has weak association to MT

Answer 44

Ndc-80

Question 45

outer kinetochore part continuously removes phosphates from Ndc-80

Answer 45

PP1 (protein phosphatase 1)

Question 46

bi-orientation pulls both kinetochore away from:

Answer 46

CPC

Question 47

unphosphorylated Ndc-80 has strong attachment to:

Answer 47

+ end of MT

Question 48

chromosome arm moves away from pole due to protein

Answer 48

Kinesin-4

Question 49

during mitosis kinesin-4 interacts with this MT type

Answer 49

astral MT

Question 50

orientation that first kinetochore binds to astral microtubule

Answer 50

laterally

Question 51

if first attachment laterall to kinetichore, chromosome slides toward spindle pole using this motor protein

Answer 51

dynamin

Question 52

name for when chromosomes at midpoint b/w two poles

Answer 52

chromosome congression

Question 53

provides strongest force pulling chromosomes toward pole

Answer 53

Dynein/dynactin

Question 54

Kinesin-13 facilitates force pulling chromosomes toward pole by:

Answer 54

depolymerizing + end of microtubule

Question 55

protein located on chromosome arms with head oriented away from chromosome binds

Answer 55

Kinesin-4

Question 56

Kinesin-4 on chromosome arms binds this and pulls arms toward center of spindle

Answer 56

polar MTs

Question 57

after congression this complex released from kinetochore and moves to pole

Answer 57

dynein/dynactin

Question 58

FL kinetochore MT dimers treadmill by moving toward this end

Answer 58

- end

Question 59

anaphase beins when cohesins rings around sister chromatids are removed by:

Answer 59

separase

Question 60

phase where separation of chromatids occurs without separation of spindle poles

Answer 60

Anaphase A

Question 61

during Anaphase A Kinesin-13 depolymerizes:

Answer 61

both + and - MT ends

Question 62

this remains at midzone as chromosomes pulled apart during anaphase

Answer 62

CPC

Question 63

this associates with polar MTs during anaphase

Answer 63

CPC

Question 64

this complex joins CPC and contains a + end directed kinesin motor protein

Answer 64

centralspindlin

Question 65

recruited by centralspindin during anaphase B

Answer 65

Cyk4

Question 66

Cyk4 is an exchange factor for:

Answer 66

RhoA

Question 67

RhoA-GTP activates:

Answer 67

formin

Question 68

nucleates assembly of actin filaments in contractile ring

Answer 68

formin

Question 69

Anaphase B: polar MTs slide in opposite directions catalyzed by:

Answer 69

Kinesin-5

Question 70

Anaphase B: this anchored to plasma membrane and walks to - end of aster MTs, pulling spindles to cortex

Answer 70

Dynein/dynactin

Question 71

cleavage furrow model: astral MTs carry factor to future site that promotes actin-myosin contractility

Answer 71

Astral Stimulation Model

Question 72

cleavage furrow model: polar MTs generate signal that induces cleavage planes

Answer 72

central spindle stimulation model

Question 73

cleavage furrow model: astral MTs carry factor that inhibits actin-myosin contractility at cortex and furrow forms at site of least inhibition

Answer 73

astral relaxation model

Question 74

cleavage furrow model: evidence shows that cleavage can form between centrosomes not linked by mitotic spindles

Answer 74

astral stimulation model

Question 75

cleavage furrow model: evidence shows that blocking astral MTs results in actin-myosin contractility throughout cell cortex

Answer 75

astral relaxation model

Question 76

cleavage furrow model: rhoA forms ring in cell cortex and cyk4 is localized to equatorial plane of cell

Answer 76

central spindle stimulation model