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Biological Chemistry- Samiyah > Membrane Lipids > Flashcards

Membrane Lipids Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What are cell membranes needed for

A

Partitions cells and organelles from outside environment
Needed for energy generation e.g in mitochondrial
Cell to cell communication
Contains membrane bound enzymes

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2
Q

What is the structure of the plasma membrane

A
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3
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids

A
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4
Q

What are the names of the major phospholipids

A
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5
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylethanolamine and its net charge

A
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6
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylserine and its net charge

A
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7
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylcholine and its net charge

A
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8
Q

What is the structure of sphingomyelin and its net charge

A

Net charge of 0

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9
Q

What is the structure of sphingosine and its net charge

A

Net charge +1

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10
Q

What is sphingomyelin and what is its properties

A
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11
Q

What are the different sterols present in different organisms

A
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12
Q

What is the structure of cholesterol

A
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13
Q

How does the structure of cholesterol relate to its function

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14
Q

What are glycolipids

A

They’re lipids modified with sugars

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15
Q

Why is packing of hydrophobic molecules favourable

A

Organised water forms around hydrophobic molecules as they can’t form H bonds with water

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16
Q

Why does a bilayer form

A
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17
Q

Why are cells spherical

A

So is due to ampipathic nature and shape of lipids

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18
Q

What are the properties of membranes

A
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19
Q

What is used to study the properties of membranes

A

Liposomes- these are artificial phospholipid membranes

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20
Q

How are liposomes studied

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A

The lipid molecules are tagged with a green fluorescent protein - it emits green fluorescence when exposed to blue light

21
Q

How does photo bleaching of liposomes work

22
Q

Why cant movement of lipids from one side of the membrane (one mono layer) move to the other side of the membrane occur

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A

This is because the polar head groups would have to move through the hydrophobic core of the membrane which is energetically unfavourable

23
Q

How does movement of lipid molecules within the bilayer occur

24
Q

What does the fluidity of the membrane depend on

25
How does cholesterol affect phase transition of the membrane
26
How is semi permeability of the plasma membrane investigated
27
What are lipid rafts made up of
28
What is the distribution of different phospholipids in the membrane
Distribution of lipids is asymmetrical
29
What is the role of phosphotidylserine
30
How does modification of lipid head groups allow for a cell to respond to an extra cellular signal
Receptor binds extracellular signal Receptor dimerises which then activates the receptor protein and becomes pholsphorylated When the receptor becomes phosphorylated it causes activation of PI 3-kinase PI 3-kinase then phosphorylates inositol phospholipid The phosphorylated inositol phospholipid can then bind to an intracellular signal
31
What are the key features of membrane proteins
32
What is the general composition of cell membranes
33
What is an integral membrane protein
Integrated fully into the membrane Formed by alpha helices or beta strand Hydrophobic region anchors the protein into the membrane The part that sticks out is the functional region of the protein
34
What is a single pass transmembrane protein
Is an integral protein One hydrophobic region in membrane Only formed from alpha helix
35
What is a multi pass protein
Many transmembrane domains Is an integral protein
36
What is a beta barrel
Has interconnecting loop regions which is hydrophilic so sticks out above and below the membrane Is formed from curved beta strands Beta strand region sits in the membrane
37
What are peripheral membrane proteins
Proteins that only associate with one mono layer of the I layer of the plasma membrane Some form a complex with integral proteins Can be on the cytosolic or extracellular side of the membrane Some can have a lipid modification which anchors them to the mono layer of the membrane
38
What is a monotopic membrane protein
Has an ampipathic helix The hydrophobic region of the protein is embedded within the membrane
39
What is a GPI anchor protein
Has a lipid modification which anchors the protein the the extracellular side of the membrane
40
What are the 2 major classes of integral membrane proteins
41
What is the structure of alpha helices in transmembrane proteins
Structure maximised H bonds All H bonds are intrahelical Regular arrangement of polypeptide chain Structure stabilised by H bonds between c=o group of residue n and -NH group 4 residues down
42
Which amino acids are most likely to be in a TM domain of a TM protein
43
How can you predict the number of TM domains
Hydrophobic it’s analysis No of bright regions corresponds to the number of TM domains within the bilayer there may be- these domains contain hydrophobic amino acids A certain no. Of alpha helices are required to make a TM domain
44
What are the characteristics of beta barrel integral proteins
Beta barrel forms a trimer in membrane- three barrels put together= structure of porin
45
Name the different types of OMPs and their functions
46
What is meant by topology
Orientation of a protein relative to membrane/ environment
47
How do G coupled protein receptors work
It does 2 different things on different sides of the membrane
48
What can be used to study membrane proteins
Detergents - this is because a lipid environment is essential for the structure and function of a membrane protein so detergents maintain the structure and function The protein is taken out of the plasma membrane and is in solution so it can be analysed
49
How are detergents used to study membrane proteins

Biological Chemistry- Samiyah (24 decks)

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