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AC - Spinal Palmer > Membranous Vertebral Column - Vertebral Foramen > Flashcards

Membranous Vertebral Column - Vertebral Foramen Flashcards

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1
Q

The perichordal disc in the presumptive location of what adult feature?

A

The intervertebral disc

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2
Q

What is the earliest embryonic feature that will identify the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure of Von Ebner

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3
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blasfema gives rise to what feature?

A

The vertebral blastema

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4
Q

What vessel will be identifies adjacent to het vertebral blastema?

A

The Segmental artery

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5
Q

When will cartilage first from in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

Beginning in the 6th embryonic week

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6
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

Chondrification

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7
Q

Chondrification is first identified in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

The cervical region

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8
Q

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

A

Centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

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9
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

A

During the 7th embryonic week

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10
Q

Ossification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

The lower cervical-upper thoracic region

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11
Q

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

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12
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers

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13
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a tympanic vertebra?

A

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

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14
Q

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

A

Three… 1 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches

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15
Q

What is the classification of the joint forming between primary centers of ossification?

A

Cartilage synchondrosis/ amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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16
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between primary centers of ossification in the typical vertebra?

A

Neurocentral synchondrosis and neural arch synchondrosis

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17
Q

What are the nemas of the 5 secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

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18
Q

How many secondary centers of ossication appear in the typical vertebra?

A

5… 1 for the tip of each transverse process, 1 for the tip of the spinous process, 1 for each epiphyseal plate

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19
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?

A

Tip of the transverse process synchondrosis, tip of the spinous process synchondrosis, and epiphyseal ring synchondrosis

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20
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

A

During puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old

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21
Q

What are the 3 basic Ossetia parts of a vertebra?

A

The vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

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22
Q

What is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch?

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A

The vertebral foramen

23
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

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A 
Cervical = rectangular 
Thoracic = triangular
Lumbar = reniform (bean shaped)
24
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

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A

Superior epiphyseal rim and inferior epiphyseal rim

25
What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?
Superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate
26
What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?
Nutrient foramina or vascular foramina
27
What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?
The basivertebral venous foramen
28
What is the name of the vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen?
Osseous artery
29
What is the name given to the large vessel exiting the back of the vertebral body?
The basivertebral vein
30
What is the semicircular region of bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called?
The vertebral arch
31
What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?
The pedicle
32
What is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch?
The lamina
33
What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach?
The lamina pedicle junction
34
What is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?
Cervical = articular pillar | Thoracic and Lumbar = pars interarticularis
35
What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch - spinous process on lateral X-ray?
The spinolaminar junction
36
What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?
``` Cervical = Anterolateral Thoracic = Posterolateral Lumbar = Lateral ```
37
All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?
The costal element
38
What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?
The transverse tubercle
39
What will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its intial direction in the cervical region?
Cervical nerves are pulled forward and downward to form the cervical and brachial plexuses these remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position.
40
What will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?
The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backwards
41
What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?
Zygapophysis
42
What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the prezygapophysis?
The superior articulating process and superior articulating apophysis
43
What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?
The inferior articulating process or inferior articulating apophysis
44
What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophysis as seen on X-ray?
Imbrication
45
What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/ apophysis?
The spinous tubercle
46
What is the orientation of the spinous process at each region of the spine?
``` C = slight angle inferiorly T = noticeable angle inferiorly L = no inferior angle ```
47
What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?
The inferior articulating process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articulating process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum
48
What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?
The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
49
What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?
The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure
50
What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?
The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament
51
What is the typical shape/ outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/ vertebral column?
``` C = triangular T = oval L = triangular S = triangular ```
52
At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?
L1
53
At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?
S2

AC - Spinal Palmer (4 decks)

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