MEMORY

Question 1

define memory

Answer 1

the process in which we retain information about events in the past

Question 2

millers capacity study for short term memory

Answer 2

millers magic number
pictures and recall
found we can recall 7+-2
REMEMBER 5 WORDS BY CHUNKING

Question 3

jacobs digit span

Answer 3

pps had to repeat letters and digits in same order as provided, the mean recalled 9 digits and 7 letters
capacity of stm memory is 5-9 items

Question 4

duration stm study

Answer 4

peterson and peterson
24 pps recall 3 syllables eg: TGH
presented 1 at a time in intervals of 3,6,9,12,15,18
during interval pps asked to count back in 3’s
STM limited duration of 18s

Question 5

duration ltm study

Answer 5

bahrick
us graduates showed high sch yb
90% matched names and faces (14 years)
60% recalled after 47 years
UNLIMITED

Question 6

coding study

Answer 6

baddley gave the 4 pps groups 10 words
as,ad,ss and sd
mistakes made with as straight after learning
mistakes w semantic 20 mins after
STM- accoustic LTM- semantic

Question 7

who made the multi store memory model and what does it suggest

Answer 7

ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN
memory made up of three seperate stores linked by processing

Question 8

sensory register

Answer 8

stores info for 5 senses
capacity is huge
duration is tiny

Question 9

episodic memory

Answer 9

LTM store for events eg: last birthday
‘time stamped’
conscious effort to recall

Question 10

semantic memory

Answer 10

LTM for knowledge
contains lots of info
less vunerable to forgetting
deliberately recalled

Question 11

procedural memory

Answer 11

knowledge on how to do things
hard to explain
unconscious recall

Question 12

role of central executive

Answer 12

supervisory role
monitors incoming data, allocates slave systems to tasks
limited capacity

Question 13

phonological loop

Answer 13

deals with auditory info
capacity around 2 secs
phonological store- inner ear
articulatory process- inner voice
allows maintenance rehearsal

Question 14

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 14

stores visual info
3-4 object capacity
visual cache- stores visual
inner scribe- records arrangements of objects

Question 15

episodic buffer

Answer 15

added in 2000
temporary store
4 chunk capacity
links STM to LTM

Question 16

whats interference

Answer 16

when one memory disturbs ability to recall another, may result in forgetting

Question 17

proactive

Answer 17

old affects new

Question 18

retroactive

Answer 18

new affects old

Question 19

effects of similarity study

Answer 19

pps learnt 10 words until 100%
learnt new list ( 1 of 6 )
synonyms, antonyms, unrelated, consonant , 3 digit, no new

similiar material produced worst recall

Question 20

retrieval failure definition

Answer 20

form of forgetting when we dont have necessary cues

Question 21

cue

Answer 21

a trigger that allows us to access a memory

Question 22

encoding specificity principal

Answer 22

greater similiarity between making memory and recall, increases chance of recall

Question 23

context dependant forgetting

Answer 23

external cues eg: weather

Question 24

state dependant

Answer 24

internal cue: mood

Question 25

CONTEXT DEPENDANT baddley and godden 1975

Answer 25

studied deep sea divers learnt on land or water recalled on land or water different - 40% lower recall

Question 26

STATE DEPENDANT carter and cassady 1998

Answer 26

gave drug to pps to create a differed internal state pps learnt list of words and recalled ( 4 conditions) different recall worse

Question 27

false memories

Answer 27

research found no correlation between how sure and memory being true

Question 28

LOFTUS AND PALMER PROCEDURE

Answer 28

45 americans from washington uni 7 films of traffic accidents were presented to each group in random order pps asked after ab speed

Question 29

LOFTUS AND PALMER FINDINGS

Answer 29

contacted- 31.8 hit- 34 bumped-38.1 collided- 39.3 smashed- 40.8

Question 30

GABBERT PROCEDURE

Answer 30

paired pps watched vid of same crime, filmed in a way which each pp saw different elements both discussed after before recall test

Question 31

GABBERT FINDINGS

Answer 31

71% mistakenly recalled aspects they didnt see , due to post event discussion

Question 32

define anxiety

Answer 32

state of emotional/ physical arousal causing feelings of worry

Question 33

anxiety negative impact on recall study procedure

Answer 33

JOHNSON AND SCOTT pps in waiting room, heard argument next room LA- pen and grease man HA- knife and blood asked to identify man from 50 images

Question 34

anxiety negative impact on recall study findings

Answer 34

LA- 49% identified HA- 33% identified TUNNEL THEORY OF MEMORY ARGUES ATT ON WEAPON AS ITS THE SOURCE OF DANGER

Question 35

anxiety positive on recall procedure

Answer 35

Yuille and Cutshall pps interviewed 4 months after real life gun shop owner shot thief dead rated stress level

Question 36

anxiety positive on recall findings

Answer 36

little change in testimonies some details less accurate eg: age high levels of stress most accurate

Question 37

contradicting info to yuille and cutshall

Answer 37

Yerkes- Dodson law parabola optimal level of arousal and performance but too much can affect performance negatively

Question 38

3 negatives of standard interview

Answer 38

- leading q’s possibility - time limited - fixed question

Question 39

whats the cognitive interview

Answer 39

police technique which encourages witness’ to recreate original context to increase recall

Question 40

4 stages of cognitive

Answer 40

1. REPORT EVERYTHING 2. REINSTATEMENT OF CONTEXT 3. CHANGE ORDER 4. CHANGE PERSPECTIVE

Question 41

whats included in enhanced interview

Answer 41

needs to know when to establish eye contact speak slow open ended q’s