Memory Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the multi-store model of memory? (MSM)
Atkinson and Shiffrin.
Three stores; sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory.
What is the coding, capacity and duration of the sensory register? (MSM)
Coding- modality specific.
Capacity- very high.
Duration- milliseconds.
Attention passes information onto short-term memory.
What is the coding, capacity and duration of short-term memory? (MSM)
Coding- acoustic. (Baddley)
Capacity- 7 +/- 2 (Miller)
Duration- 18 seconds. (Petersen)
Rehearsal passes information onto long-term memory.
What is the coding, capacity and duration of long-term memory? (MSM)
Coding- semantically.
Capacity- unlimited.
Duration- up to a lifetime.
What are the types of long-term memory? (MSM)
Episodic- events.
Semantic- facts.
Procedural- tasks or skills.
What is the working memory model? (WMM)
Baddeley and Hitch.
Four components of short-term memory; central executive, phonological loop, visa-spatial sketchpad and episodic buffer.
What is the role of the central executive? (WMM)
Coordinates other three components of WMM by allocating them different tasks.
Limited capacity.
Cannot store information.
What is the role of the phonological loop? (WMM)
Slave system.
Coordinating auditory information.
Coding is acoustic.
Inner ear and inner voice.
Limited capacity.
What is the role of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? (WMM)
Slave system.
Storing visual or spatial information.
Stored temporarily.
Limited capacity.
What is the role of the episodic buffer? (WMM)
Integrate information from other slave systems into ‘episodes’.
Stored temporarily.
Limited capacity.
What is proactive and retroactive interference?
Proactive- older memories interferes with newer memories.
Retroactive- new memories prevent the recall of older memories.
Describe retrieval failure.
Cue-dependent forgetting- a cue s a hint/ trigger that helps retrieve memory, not enough can cause retrieval failure.
Encoding-specificity principle - Tulving, cue must be present during encoding and retrieval.
Context-depending forgetting - occurs when retrieval depends on external cue, Godden and Baddeley divers.
State-dependent forgetting - recall depends on internal cues, Carter and Cassidy antihistamines.
What are the factors affecting eyewitness testimony? (EWT)
Misleading information.
Anxiety.
Cognitive interviews.
What is meant by misleading information? (EWT)
Misleading questions.
Loftus and Palmer, car accidents.
What is meant by cognitive interviews? (EWT)
Improve accuracy of EWT.
Conducted by police.
1. mental reinstatement of original context.
2. report everything.
3. change order.
4. change perspective.
