Psychopathology Flashcards
(22 cards)
Name the definitions of abnormality.
Deviation from ideal mental health.
Deviation from social norms.
Failure to function adequately.
Statistical infrequency.
What is meant by deviation from social norms?
Any behaviour that goes against the social norms of society is undesirable and those are deemed as abnormal.
What is meant by failure to function adequately?
Coping with everyday activities such as; good personal hygiene, regular eating habits, attending work or school, socialising with others.
What is meant by deviation from ideal mental health
Jahoda- key name.
Self-actualisation, autonomy, resistance to stress, accurate perception of reality, environmental accuracy.
What is meant by statistical infrequencies?
A normal distribution curve- bell shaped.
If it is 2 standard deviations away from the norm they are deemed as abnormal.
What are the behavioural characteristics of phobias?
High stress and anxiety.
Freezing on spot.
Crying or screaming.
Running away.
Passing out.
What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?
Irrational thinking.
Cognitive distortions.
Selective attention.
What are the emotional characteristics of phobias?
Anxiety.
Extreme emotion.
What is the behavioural approach for explaining phobias?
Two-process model.
Classical conditioning- gaining phobia.
Operant conditioning- maintaining phobia.
What is the behavioural approach for treating phobias?
Systematic desensitisation- classical conditioning, anxiety hierarchy, relaxation, exposure.
Flooding- sudden extreme exposure to phobic stimuli.
What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
A shift in activity levels.
Affected sleep.
Affected appetite.
Aggression.
Self-harm.
What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
Negative thought on world.
Irrational thoughts.
Poor concentration.
Inability to make decisions.
Catastrophising.
What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
Sadness.
Anger.
Loss of interest.
Low-self-esteem.
Explains Becks negative triad - depression.
Cognitive- internal mental processes.
Negative view of oneself.
Negative view of world.
Negative view on future.
Negative self schema.
Explain Ellis’ ABC model- depression.
Cognitive.
A= activating event.
B= beliefs.
C= consequence.
what are the treatments for depression?
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
cognitive restructuring/reframing,
guided discovery,
journal,
activity scheduling.
relaxation and stress reduction,
role-playing.
Ellis’ rational emotive behaviour (REBT).
robust argument,
break link between negative life effects and depression,
change irrational beliefs,
empirical arguments,
logical arguments.
What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?
Compulsions.
Avoidance.
What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?
Extreme anxiety, fear and being overwhelmed.
Guilt.
Disgust.
Depression
What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?
Awareness.
Catastrophising.
Coping mechanisms.
What is the genetic explanation for OCD?
Biological.
Inherited.
Polygenic.
Serotonergic and dompaminergic pathways.
COMT.
SERT.
What is the neural explanation for OCD?
Serotonin- low can cause faulty information processing.
Dopamine- high can cause compulsive behaviour.
Describe the treatment for OCD.
Biological.
Drug therapy- antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs.
