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Psychology 100 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Encoding

A

process by which information gets into memory storage

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2
Q

Selective

A

Attending to certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli

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3
Q

Divided

A

Attending to several stimuli at the same time

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4
Q

Sustained

A

Ability to maintain attention to a stimulus for a prolonged period of time

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5
Q

Storage

A

How information is retained and represented over time in memory

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6
Q

3 Memory Storage Systems

A

Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory

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7
Q

What was the Atkinson Shiffrin Model of Memory Storage

A

The three stages of memory

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8
Q

Explicit Memory (Declarative Memory)

A

Types of memory elicited through the conscious retrieval of recollection in response to direct questions

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9
Q

Implicit Memory (Non-Declarative Memory)

A

non-conscious recollection of prior experience that is revealed indirectly by its effects on performance

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10
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Visual sensory memory:iconic memory

Auditory Sensory memory:echoic memory

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11
Q

Iconic Memory

A

a fleeting sensory memory for visual images that lasts only a fraction of a second

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12
Q

Short Term Memory

A

Limited capacity, duration of 20-30 secs due to limited space and interference

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13
Q

Long Term Memory

A

Duration can last potential decades, and large capacity

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14
Q

Memory

A

The retention of information over time

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15
Q

Episodic Memory

A

retention of persona information about life’s events, autobiographical

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16
Q

Semantic Memory

A

General Knowledge about facts

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17
Q

Two parts of Explicit Memory

A

Episodic and Semantic Memory

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18
Q

Two parts of Implicit Memory

A

Procedural memory and Priming

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19
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Memory for skills

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20
Q

Priming

A

Activation of information that people already have in storage that is below conscious awareness

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21
Q

Retrieval

A

Process by which information that was retained in memory is taken out of storage

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22
Q

Development

A

Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life cycle

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23
Q

The course of prenatal development

A

The Germinal Period, The embryonic period, fetal period

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24
Q

Germinal Period

A

Creation of zygote, continued cell division and attachment of zygote to uterine wall

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25
How long is the Germinal Period
Conception - day 14
26
Embryonic Period
major organs develop, most rapid changes occur in this stage
27
How long is the Embryonic Period
From 2-8 weeks
28
Fetal Period
Growth and finishing phase, rapid increase in size
29
How long is the Fetal Period
Months 2-9
30
Teratogens
broad range of substances and conditions that may result in defects of the fetus
31
Infant Reflexes
Sucking, rooting, grasping, stepping, startle reflex
32
Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
Children actively construct their knowledge of the world through their direct interactions with physical world
33
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operational (7-11), Formal Operational (11-14)
34
Sensorimotor Stage
(0-2), Thought- coordination of sensations with motor action. Key development is object permanence
35
Object permance
understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight
36
Preoperational Stage
2-7 years, Mental representation and symbolic thinking, Egocentrism, thought limiations
37
Egocentrism
Cannot differentiate own perspective from that of others
38
Concrete Operational Stage
7-11 years, Classification and conservation
39
Formal Operational Stage
11-15 years, last through adulthood, abstract and idealistic thought, hypothetical deductive reasoning
40
Infant Attachment
close emotional bond between caregiver and infant, during first year of life, important foundation for subsequent development
41
Securely Attached Infants
(70%), use their mothers as a secure base by which they explore. when mothers leave they become upset
42
Insecure- Avoidant Infants
(15%), remain independent throughout the strange situation. do not become upset when mother leaves
43
Insecure-Resistant Infants
(15%), little exploration, clingy and preoccupied with mother. upset when mother leaves and not soothed when she returns
44
Eriksons Psychosocial Development
Proposed 8 stages of Psychosocial development, with a positive resolution of each stage
45
What are the 8 stages of Eriksons Psychosocial Development
``` Childhood, trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, Intitative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, adolescence, identity vs indentity confusion adulthood intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation intergrity vs despair ```
46
Trusting Infants
(positive resolution)Trust develops when basic needs are consistently met
47
Mistrusting infants
(negative resolution) Mistrust develops when basic needs are not consistently met
48
What are the 6 basic emotions
``` Fear Anger Disgust Surprise Happiness/Joy Sadness/distress ```
49
Affect
feeling/emotion
50
Body
Physiological reaction
51
Cognition
Appraisal
52
5 theories of Emotion
``` James Lange Theory Cannon Bard Theory Schacter Singer Theory Lazarus Theory Facial Feedback Hypothesis ```
53
James Lange Theory
Physiological arousal occurs before emotion | B=A
54
Singer-Schacter Two Factor Theory
Bodily changes and a cognitive label are needed to completely experience an emotion B&C=A
55
Lazarus Theory
cognitive occurs first and then leads to the emotional response A=C=B
56
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Movements of the facial muscles produce or intensify emotional reactions
57
Cannon Bard Theory
Stimulus causes the arousal and the emotion stimultanously | A=stimulus=B
58
Autonomy
(positive resolution) develops when toddlers gains control over own body
59
Shame and doubt
(negative resolution) develops when toddler can not control body
60
Industry
(positive resolution) develops by mastering knowledge and intellectual skills, build, etc in a school setting
61
Inferiority
(negative resolution) develops when child feels that they can not do what other children are doing
62
Identity formation
(positive resolution) develops by figuring out who you are and where you are going in life
63
Identity Confusion
(negative resolution) develops when we don't select an identity

Psychology 100 (3 decks)

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