Memory errors

Question 1

List Schacter’s 2002 seven sins of memory

Answer 1

Transience
Absentmindedness
Blocking
Misattribibution
Suggestibility
Bias
Persistence

Question 2

define transience

Answer 2

decreasing accessibility of memories over time

Question 3

Ebbinghaus’s curve

Answer 3

most forgetting occurs early
forgetting continues but at a slower pace

Question 4

List two reasons why we forget

Answer 4

decay
interference

Question 5

decay

Answer 5

forgetting due to the passage of time

Question 6

interference

Answer 6

forgetting due to competition between memories

Question 7

Thorndike’s law of disuse

Answer 7

the more time elapses without using a memory, the more the memory decays away until it is entirely forgotten

Question 8

McGeoch’s critique

Answer 8

The passafe of time causes nothing by itself - time is correlated with processes that cause forgetting

Question 9

Proactive interference

Answer 9

older memories impair the retrieval of new memories

Question 10

retroactive interference

Answer 10

new memories impair retrieval of older memories

Question 11

the brown-peterson paradigm

Answer 11

1. learn a list of memoranda
2. complete a distracting task
3. recall the memoranda
   the more time passes, the greater the forgetting

Question 12

absentmindedness

Answer 12

lapses of attention that affect memory and learning

Question 13

kane et als experiment

Answer 13

multitasking habits had an indirect effect on learning outcomes through mind wandering

Question 14

blocking

Answer 14

information is present but temporarily inaccessible

Question 15

misattribution

Answer 15

attributing memories to an incorrect source

Question 16

cryptomnesia

Answer 16

unconscious plagiarism

Question 17

perceptual source information

Answer 17

perceptual detail often higher for memories actually experienced than from other sources

Question 18

contextual

Answer 18

context in which memory was acquired in consistent with an expected source

Question 19

affective

Answer 19

emotional reaction in context of information

Question 20

cognitive

Answer 20

mental processing of the information

Question 21

false memories

Answer 21

remembering things that never happened

Question 22

suggestibility

Answer 22

implanted memories that never occurred

Question 23

misinformation effect

Answer 23

altering memories to conform to recently encountered but incorrect information

Question 24

bias

Answer 24

distorting memories of the past based on current knowledge and beliefs

Question 25

hindisight bias

Answer 25

misremember memories as being more similair to the current knowledge state

Question 26

persistence

Answer 26

unwanted recollections that cannot be forgotten

Question 27

amnesia

Answer 27

a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma

Question 28

anterograde

Answer 28

loss of ability to store new memories after the event

Question 29

retrograde

Answer 29

loss of ability to access memories prior to the event.

Question 30

applications

Answer 30

investigations and subsequent convictions often rely on evidence from eye-witness testimony can be inaccurate - leading to wrongful convinctions understanding EWT and memory is crucial for functioniny justice.