Memory - Processes and Systems Flashcards
(28 cards)
Memory definition
Faculty by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved when needed.
Name the three processes of memory
-encode, store, retrieve
encoding
information enters memory system - or slips away
storage
information is preserved for recollection in the future - or is forgotten
retrieval
information is recollected - or sits “on the tip of the tongue”
a world without memory
-lack the ability to form new memories
-cannot recall aspects of held memories
-anterograde and retrogade amnesia
how do we categorise memories
by time
by content
what makes up the modal model of memory
INPUT
sensory memory ( a moment)
short term memory ( a few seconds)
long term memory (permenant but not perfect)
sensory memory
modality specific storage of input from the senses
iconic memory: visual impressions
echoic memory: auditory impressions
very breif for iconic memory
a few seconds for echoic memory
short term memory
attention to ifnormation moves from sensory memory to STM
stm has a short duration
capacity of 5-9 information elements
boosted by active rehearsal and chunking
long term memory
information can be transferred from stm to ltm
information can be retrieved from ltm to stm
unlimited duration, unlimited capacity
many different types of memories and knowledge are held in ltm
how do we categories memories
by content
long term memory systems
types of long term memory systems
declarative (explicit)
non-declarative (implicit)
what is declarative memory made up of
episodic memory - episodes of life that you remember
semantic memory - general facts about the world that you know
non declarative memory
procedual memory: skills and habits
other forms of implicit memory - conditioning, priming
what is working memory
used to manipulate information in the STM
storage and controlled processing of information in the present moment
mantaining information while being distracted
making information in LTM accessible for processing
combining information in novel ways
working memory is a dynamic system to process and manipulate data - not a passive store
capacity of working memory
shorter capacity than STM (about 3s)
WM capacity on average about 305 information elements
what is one of the first widely influential models of WM
multicomponent model
list the elements of baddely and hitchs wm model
central execuitve
visuospatial sketchpad
episodic buffer
phonologicla loop
long term memory
central executive
coordination of storage systems and control of attention to stimuli
visuospatial sketchpad
visual imagery and spatial information
episodic buffer
binding of multimodal information to form episodic memories
memory in the brain
frontal cortex
temporal cortex
amygdala
hippocampus
other parts of cortex
cerebellum
frontal cortex
coordination of information, working memory
