Operant conditioning

Question 1

what associations do operant conditioning focus on

Answer 1

action-outcome associations

Question 2

operant conditioning (Aka instrumental conditioning)

Answer 2

US is contingent on behaviour of animal
Operant conditioning goes beyond hard wired unconditioned responses and incorporates more complex behaviour

Question 3

Thorndike Law of Effect

Answer 3

responses that create a typically pleasant outcome in a particular situation are more likely to occur again in a similair situation, whereas responses that produce a typically unpleasant outcome are less likely to occur again in the situation

Question 4

Skinner Box (Operant Chamber)

Answer 4

allows for variety of operant conditioning paradigms
used with rodents

Question 5

reinforcer - def

Answer 5

an event that increases the likelihood of the action

Question 6

punishers

Answer 6

an event that decreases the likelihood of the action

Question 7

positive reinforcer

Answer 7

bhevaiour is strengthened

Question 8

positive punishment

Answer 8

behaviour is weakened

Question 9

negative reinforcer

Answer 9

behaviour is strengethened by removal of stimulus

Question 10

negative punishment

Answer 10

behaviour is weakened by removing a pleasant stimulus

Question 11

reinforcement vs punishment - REINFORCEMENT

Answer 11

increases behaviour
more beneficial than punishment
more lilkeley to result in long term changes in bhevaiour
creates positive relationship with the person providing reinforcement

Question 12

PUNISHMENT

Answer 12

decreases behaviour
less beneficial than reinforcement
temporary changes in behaviour
creates negative relationship
when the person who provide punishment leaves- unwanted behaviour returns

Question 13

continuous reinforcement

Answer 13

-rapid learning and acquisition
-rapid extinction once reward is no longer present

Question 14

partial reinforcement

Answer 14

intersperese trails in which the CS is not followed
-slows down both acquisitoon and extinciton learning

Question 15

partial reinforcement schedules

Answer 15

responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not
slower initial learning - but greater resistance to extinction

Question 16

interval

Answer 16

reinforcement is delivered for first response made after certain amount of time has passed

chat gpt

Question 17

ratio

Answer 17

reinforcement is delivered based on the amount of responses

Question 18

fixed ratio

Answer 18

behaviour is reinforced after a specific number of responses

Question 19

variable retio

Answer 19

behaviour is reinforced after an average, but unpredictable number of responses

Question 20

fixed intervals

Answer 20

behaviour is reinforced for the first response after a specific amount of time has passed

Question 21

variable interval

Answer 21

behaviour is reinforced for the first response after an average, but unpredictable, amount of time has passed

Question 22

Shaping

Answer 22

process of guiding behaviour of the desired outcome through the use of intermediate stages

Question 23

what socially important behaviours have been helped through shaping

Answer 23

toilet training, verbal responses, academic skills

Question 24

how is shaping able to be effective

Answer 24

reinforces must quickly follow the desired response for shaping to be effective
-primary reinforcer and conditioned/secondary reinf0rcer

Question 25

reward magnitude

Answer 25

Reward magnitude refers to the size, intensity, or value of a reward given after a behavior.**** rose et als investigation using pigeons buttons and rewards showed that a BIG reward leads to faster learning across sessions small rewards - slower learning

Question 26

dopamine and classical conditioning

Answer 26

increased activity - dopamine neuron - response to reward