Flashcards in Memory Keywords Deck (25)
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1
Coding
format in which information is stored in the memory stores
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Capacity
amount of information that can be held in a memory store
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Duration
length of time information can be held in memory
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Short term memory
- limited capacity (7+/-2)
- coding is acoustic
- duration is between 18-30 secs
5
Long term memory
- permanent store
- coding is semantic
- duration potentially a lifetime
6
Procedural memory
LTM - knowledge of how to do things, memory of learned skills (recall without conscious effort)
7
Semantic memory
LTM - knowledge of the world, facts of the world (recalled deliberately)
8
Episodic memory
LTM - memory of events occurred and of people, places and behaviours (recall needs conscious effort)
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Elaborative rehearsal
MSM - needed for long term storage, when linking info to existing knowledge
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Maintenance rehearsal
MSM - when we repeat material over to ourselves, sufficient amount of rehearsal leads to memory passed onto LTM
11
Working memory model
STM has different sub-units coordinated by central decision making system
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Central executive
coordinates activities of slave systems, allocates job roles to sub-systems
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Phonological loop
processes auditory information (phonological store/articulatory process)
14
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
processes visual information in a mental space (inner eye) - visual cashe/inner scribe
15
Episodic buffer
brings together material from other sub-systems into a single memory rather than separately - bridge between working memory and LTM
16
Eyewitness testimony
ability to remember details of events such as crime which have been observed - accuracy of EWT can be affected by misleading info, leading questions and anxiety
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Encoding specificity principle (Tulving)
cues need to be present at encoding and retrieval, if cues are different this leads to forgetting
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Cue
trigger of information which allows access to a memory
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Retrieval failure
occurs when necessary cues are absent, memory is available but not accessible unless suitable cue is provided
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Retroactive interference
forgetting occurs when newer memories disrupt recall of older memories
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Misleading information
incorrect info given to the eyewitness usually in post event discussion
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Multi-store model
- sensory register
- STM
- LTM
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Sensory register
- coding is iconic
- capacity is huge
- duration <30secs
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Interference
forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing memories to be distorted or forgotten
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