memory models

Question 1

explicit memory

Answer 1

you instantly know its obv on surface level

Question 2

implicit memory

Answer 2

you have to dwell upon it, dig deeper its more in depth

Question 3

recency effect

Answer 3

the tendency to reember the last few items of a list better than those in the middle

Question 4

primcy effect

Answer 4

the tendency to remember the first few items of a list better than those in the middle

Question 5

word length level

Answer 5

the tendency of ppl to remember short words better than the long ones

Question 6

visual sensory

Answer 6

iconic, up to 1 sec

Question 7

aoral sensory

Answer 7

echic, 3-5 seconds

Question 8

for how long is stm with rehearsal

Answer 8

30seconds

Question 9

who created multi store memory model and when

Answer 9

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

Question 10

who created the working memory model and when

Answer 10

Baddley and Hitch (1974)

Question 11

criticism on multi store memory model

Answer 11

1) it focuses solely on the structure without actually explaining what happens in it

2)rehearsal is too simplitic, other people use different methods, such as rhymes, pneumoniacs

3) it suggests only one type of short term memory, but they could actually be different stores

4) oversimplifies the long term memory, treats it as a singular unit without talking about it s components

Question 12

critiscmism of working memory model

Answer 12

1) it too is too vague, a lot of things are unclear such as what is the central executive or its role

2) results from laboratory experiments and therefore researching the WMM will often have low ecological validity (i.e. may not relate to real life), as tasks such as repeating ‘the the the’ are arguably not representative of our everyday activities.

3) notion of one single central executive is wrong, there are probably several components

4) the episodic buffer, although a crucial addition, lacks clear explanation regarding its operations and relationship with other components.

Question 13

strengths of working memory model

Answer 13

1) the model was developed based on evidence from laboratory experiments, so confounding variables could be carefully controlled to produce reliable results (that can be replicated).

2) has replaced the idea of a single, unitary short term memory with a number of components and subststems

3) has practical implications in real life and real life tasks

4) the working memory model explains a lot more than the multistore model. It makes sense of a range of tasks – verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem-solving and visual and spatial processing

Question 14

main difference between MSMM and WMM

Answer 14

in multi-store memory mode short term memory is presented as a unit without components and thw working memory model made it less vague and agreed that short term memory is composed of a lot of different subunits

Question 15

central executive

Answer 15

drives the whole system (boss of working memory) and allocated data to the subunits (the phonological loop and visual spatial sketchpad so it drives the short term mempry

Question 16

visual-spatial sketchpad (inner eye)

Answer 16

a component of the short term memory inside of working memory model which stores and processes information in visual or spatial form

used for navigation

Question 17

phonological loop

Answer 17

a component of working memory model that deals with spoken and written material

and it has two components itself:
-phonological store
-articulatory control process

Question 18

phonological store (inner ear)

Answer 18

processes speech perception and stores spoken words we hear 1-2 sseconds

Question 19

articulatory control process (inner voice)

Answer 19

processes speech production and rehearses and stores verbal information from the phonological store

Question 20

episodic buffer

Answer 20

interrogates information from the components of central executive (phonological loop and visual-spatial sketchpad) in order to create a representation of an event or exoeriance