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gross anatomy unit 3 > meninges > Flashcards

meninges Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the scap - outside to inside

A

skin of scalp, periosteum, bone of skull, dura mater (periosteal then meningeal), arachnoid mater, pia mater

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2
Q

where are blood vessels in the scalp

A

in the subarachnoid space

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3
Q

dura mater (pachymeninx)

A 
periosteal layer
meningeal layer (the two layers are separated only in certain sinuses)
aracnoid mater (arachnoidea)
pia mater (leptomeninx)
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4
Q

two dural layers

A

periosteal and meningeal

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5
Q

foramen mangum and the periosteal layer of dura (endocranium)

A

becomes continuous with the outer periosteum of the skull bones (pericranium)

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6
Q

meningeal layer of dura

A

form the dura covering the spinal cord within the vertebral canal

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7
Q

what cover the spinal cord, roots and spinal nere

A

dura mater and arachnoid

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8
Q

epidural space

A

“above” dura mater; between endosteum and periosteal dura

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9
Q

subdural space

A

below dura

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10
Q

subarachnoidal space

A

below arachnoid, i.e., between arachnoid and pia

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11
Q

subdural hematom

A

bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the brain itself

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12
Q

epidural hematoma

A

bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the skull

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13
Q

clinical signs of subdural/epidural hematoma

A

elevated intercranial pressure: headache, dizziness, nausea, double vision, etc

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14
Q

dural sinus

A

dura has an outer periosteal layer adherent to bone and a meningeal layer which splits to form adural sinus

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15
Q

falx

A

the two meningeal layers may form partitions that segregate areas of the brain in distinct manners

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16
Q

communication between veins and sinuses

A

periosteal veins
diploic veins
emissary veins
dural sinus

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17
Q

skull

A

tri-layered (1-2) outer & inner compact (3) spongy layer between (diploe) housing diploic veins and red marrow

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18
Q

dural partition

A

diaphragma sellae “covering of the saddle”

single circular partition rroofs over the pituitary gland; pierced by pituiatry stalk

attachment: hypophyseal fossa

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19
Q

attachments of falx cerebri

A

crista galli, midline of calvarium, occipital protuberance, occipital bone

20
Q

straight sinus

A

fuses at midline of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli

21
Q

transverse sinus

A

attach at posterolateral margins of tentorium cerebelli

22
Q

confluence of sinuses

A

joining of sup. sag., straight & transverse sinus

23
Q

dura: arterial blood supply

A

from middle meningeal artery - branch of maxillary foramen spinosum. grooves in skull to accomodate meningeal arteries

24
Q

dura innervation

A

sensory innervation from all 3 componentsof trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)

25
Q

middle miningeal nerve

A

branch of V3 foramen spinosum

26
Q

pia

A

delicate, transparent membrane closely applied to the brain, carrying extensive network of blood vessels supplying brain; follows folds and fissues (sulvi of brain tissue); innermost of 3 layers

27
Q

arachnoid

A

spider like; middle layer, extending from pia to dura, forming the subarachnoid space

28
Q

subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia

A

the dura and arachnoid are attached to each toher; no space between them

29
Q

content of subarachnoid space

A

vessels supplying the brain; liquor cerebrospinalis (cerebrospinal fluid); arachnoid trabeculae: between arachnoid and pia

30
Q

network of fibers

A

arachnoid trabeculae

31
Q

CSF

A

found in subarachnoid space

drains into dural sinuses via arachnoid villi, stalk-like extensions extending from subarachnoid space into the dural sinuses

32
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

clusters of arachnoid villi; extend into lateral expansions of the dural sinuses

33
Q

lateral lacunae

A

lateral expansions of dural sinuses; contain clusters of arachnoid villi

34
Q

leptomeninges

A

arachnoid, arachnoid trabeculae, pia

35
Q

circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

made by choroid plexus in ventricles; gets out from brain via three foramens at the level of medulla; covers brain and spinal cord and floats the brain; absorbed by arachnoid granulations

36
Q

extradularal hematoma

A

between skull and periosteal dura; e.g., following skull fractures that damage meningeal arteries. usually localized (because of adherent periosteal dura) & cause compression of underlying brain tissue. potentially life threatening

37
Q

subdural hematoma

A

between dura and arachnoid; e.g., following trauma that jerks brain inside the skull, tearing cerebral veins as they enter venous sinuses

38
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

bleeding in the subarachnoid space; e.g. following cerebral lacerations, tearing cerebral arteries; clinical diagnostic: lumbar puncture

39
Q

cavernous sinus

A

at base of skull in close proximity to pituitary gland; contains segment of internal carotid artery; contains segments of several crainial nerves (III, IV, V-1, V-2, VI); clinically significant; area with pituitary tumors, cavernous sinus tumors, deep skull fractures

40
Q

course of the interal carotid artery & relationship to the cavernous sinus

A

internal carotid artery enters base of skull via carotid canal; travels anteriorly and horizontally within the carotid canal; enters interior of cranial vault via foramen lacerum; then proceeds superiorly, traveling through the cavernous sinus, forming s-shaped bend as it course through sinus

41
Q

lymphatic circulation of the meninges and brain

A

the brain has no lymphatic circulation; the dura mater has lymphatic circulation; the vessels penetrate the skull and drain the lymph twoard lymph noedsin the face

close connection between liquor cerebrospinalis and lymph around fila olfactoria (crainial nerve #1) in the lamina cribrosa of the nose; method of drug delivery to the CNS

42
Q

anterior fossa

A

raised posterior ridge, formed by lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

43
Q

middle fossa

A

raised posterior ridge, formed by petrous crest of temporal bone

44
Q

posterior fossa

A

contains brainstem, occipital lobes and cerebellum

45
Q

what covers the floor of the crainial vault

A

dura

gross anatomy unit 3 (5 decks)

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