parotid bed

Question 1

parotid capsule

Answer 1

fascia around the parotid gland

Question 2

parotideomasseteric fascia

Answer 2

where the parotid capsule covers the masseter muscle

Question 3

posterior parotid bed boundary

Answer 3

mastoid process of temporal bone and sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)

Question 4

anterior parotid bed boundary

Answer 4

ramus of the mandible and masseter and int. pterygoid muscle

Question 5

medial (floor) of the parotid bed boundary

Answer 5

styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, stylohyoid muscle, posterior belly of digastric, and carotid sheath

Question 6

superior boundary

Answer 6

temporomandibular joint (TMJ), tympanic bone, and cartilage of ext. auditory meatus

Question 7

facial nerve (CN VII) branches

Answer 7

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Question 8

synaptic innervation of the parotid gland

Answer 8

from superior cervical ggl. axons run in adventitia of arteries supplying the gland

Question 9

parasympathetic innervationof the parotid gland

Answer 9

inferior salvatory nucleus in medulla

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) contains presynaptic axons

lesser petrosal nerve (presynaptic)

otic ganglion (pre-synaptic fibers form synapses with ggl. cells)

auriculotemporal nerve (from CN V) takes postsynaptic fibers to parotid gland

Question 10

synpatic innervation from superior cervical ggl.

Answer 10

axons run in adventitia of arteries supplying the gland

Question 11

innervation of parotid gland

Answer 11

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) to sensory ganglia of CN IX –> typanic nerve to typanic plexus in the typanic cavity to pharyngotympanic tube to lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglion to parotid branches of auriculotemporal nerve (CNV3)

Question 12

primary lymph nodes

Answer 12

superficial and deep parotid glands

Question 13

secondary lymph nodes

Answer 13

superficial cervical lymph nodes

Question 14

tertiary lymph nodes

Answer 14

deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 15

anterior relationships of parotid gland

Answer 15

ramus of the mandible, masseter m, medial pterygoid m.

Question 16

posterior relationships of parotid gland

Answer 16

sternocleidomastoid m.

Question 17

medial relationships to the parotid gland

Answer 17

posterior belly of digastric m., “sytlo” muscles, and carotid sheath

Question 18

lateral relationships of parotid gland

Answer 18

skin, sesnory fibers of trigeminal (V3) and C3

Question 19

within the parotid gland

Answer 19

motor branches of facial n.

Question 20

blood supply of the parotid gland

Answer 20

arteries - external carotid artery (transverse facial and direct branches)
veins - transverse facial, retromandibular, pterygoid plexus, etc. - external jugular

Question 21

nerve supply of the parotid gland

Answer 21

sympathetic - superior cervical ganglion - postganglionic fibers run in the adventitia of arteries

parasympathetic - inferior salvitory nucleus in medulla - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) - lesser petrosal nerve - tympanic plexus - otic ganglion - auricultemporal nerve (V) - parotid gland (communication between cranial nerves)

sensory - auriculotemporal nerve (V/3)

Question 22

lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland

Answer 22

duct of gland (stenon): runs parallel with and below zygomatic arch, on masseter muscle, penetrates buccalis muscle and empties saliva into vestibulum oris at level of 2nd superior molar tooth

Question 23

where does the facial nerve exit

Answer 23

stylomastoid foramen

Question 24

where does the facial nerve travel

Answer 24

between superficial and deep lobes of the gland

Question 25

what does the facial nerve communicate with

Answer 25

cranial nerves V, IX, and and the cervical plexus

Question 26

what does the facial nerve give off

Answer 26

posterior auricular nerve and branches to stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 27

where does the facial nerve branch

Answer 27

to great auricular nerve

Question 28

two major divisions of the facial nerve i the parotid gland

Answer 28

temporofacial and cervicofacial –> form pes anserinus

Question 29

sensory innervation of the paoritd gland

Answer 29

provides by the trigeminal nerve (auriculotemporalis)

Question 30

autonomic parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

Answer 30

provided by the glossopharyngeal nerve and sympathetic innervation by the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Question 31

where all lymph from the face and scalp eventually drain

Answer 31

into the deep cervical nodes which lie along the course of the internal jugular vein