mental health

Question 1

what is the biomedical model

Answer 1

it assumes that every illness has a single specific cause, located in biological and physiological systems of the human body

mental health problems reflect underlying biological dysfunction

Question 2

info about freud

Answer 2

overt behaviour is a reflection of the unconscious mental processes and the conflicts and experiences of ones mind

Question 3

what are the 3 unconscious mental processes and explain

Answer 3

superego-very moral
id- impulse, childish
ego-mediator between the two

Question 4

compare freud and jung in terms of:

• length
• and background info

Answer 4

freud:

• longer sessions
• attempts to expose unconscious processes and resolve unconscious conflicts

Jung:

• shorter sessions
• the unconscious is symbolic of the psyche’s drive to wholeness

Question 5

how psychoanalysis is applied today

Answer 5

looks at childhood and life experiences and how they’ve shaped someone without the sexual component

Question 6

what is behaviourism

Answer 6

mental health problems reflect maladaptive learning
thoughts, actions and feelings are viewed as behaviours and thus treated by changing behaviour or modifying the environment

Question 7

strengths of behavioural therapy

Answer 7

• abnormal behaviour a result of maladaptive learning

- client can learn new skills and change their environment

Question 8

criticisms of behaviour therapy

Answer 8

thoughts, feeling, meaning not addressed

some problems are difficult to observe e.g. distress

Question 9

what is cognitive therapy

Answer 9

individuals chose the way they think and these can be changed

Question 10

strength of cognitive therapy

Answer 10

scientific approach

evidence based

Question 11

criticisms of cognitive therapy

Answer 11

human behaviour is reductionistic- if i fix this, everything will be fixed
ignores social and cultural factors

Question 12

what is the cbt model

Answer 12

thoughts and feelings influence behaviour which can be positive or negative
thoughts, feelings, actions can influence one another
can intervene at any point

Question 13

strength for cbt

Answer 13

strong evidence base
client learns new skills
thoughts, meaning and feelings are addressed

Question 14

criticisms of cbt model

Answer 14

some things may require acceptance rather than change

typically not long-term

Question 15

3 waves of cbt are

Answer 15

1. behaviourism
2. cbt
3. mindfulness

Question 16

ellis abc model

Answer 16

A: ctivating event e.g. relationship breakup
B:eliefs e.g. this is awfu;
C: onsequence e.g. feels depressed
they all affect each oher

Question 17

Beck model and examples

Answer 17

negative view of self e.g. i am worthless
negative view of future e.g. nothing will change
negative view of world e.g. everything is against me

Question 18

what are the 3 levels of cognitive processing

Answer 18

1. conscious awareness, rational thinking
2. automatic thoughts
3. schemas: core beliefs which shape our perception and interpretation of events

Question 19

4 CBT strategies are

Answer 19

problem oriented
case formulation
psycho-education
collaborative therapeutic relationship

Question 20

what are cognitive techniques

Answer 20

elicit, challenge and modify automatic thoughts

uncovering and changing schemas

Question 21

what are behavioural techniques

Answer 21

reverse patterns of avoidance, helplessness, build skills to prevent relapse

Question 22

what are some tools used in CBT

Answer 22

mood diary
thought records
cost benefit analysis
pie chart
graded exposure and tasks
breathing and relaxation training

Question 23

what does mindfulness involve

Answer 23

• observing internal events without judgement
• teaches us to go with things without trying to control them
• respond rather than react

Question 24

mindfulness vs cbt

Answer 24

mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not

mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts

Question 25

mindfulness vs cbt

Answer 25

mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not | mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts

Question 26

what does acceptance and commitment therapy involve

Answer 26

uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies in combination with commitment and behaviour change

Question 27

what is the aim of acceptance and commitment therapy

Answer 27

to increase psychological flexibility

Question 28

what theory is acceptance and commitment therapy based on

Answer 28

relational frame theory: language entangles clients to wage war against inner lives

Question 29

aims of acceptance commitment therapy

Answer 29

``` cognitive 'defusion'- you are not your thoughts being in present acceptance- non-judgemental awareness values- clarify them action in valued direction ```

Question 30

what does schema therapy comprise of

Answer 30

attachment theory, psychoanalysis, cbt, emotion-focused therpay

Question 31

what does schema therapy aim to treat

Answer 31

treat personality disorders and mental health concerns | aims to teach you how to ensure your emotional needs are met in a healthy way

Question 32

what are the 5 categories of schemas

Answer 32

1. disconnection and rejection-makes it difficult to have healthy relationships 2. impaired autonomy and performance- stops you developing strong sense of self and function as adult in world 3. impaired limits- affects self-control and boundaries 4. other-directedness- focus in on others 5. over-vigilance and inattention- prioritise avoiding failure through alertness and rules-disregard emotion and desires

Question 33

what are 3 coping styles of schema therapy

Answer 33

surrender avoidance overcompensation

Question 34

define surrender in terms of schemas

Answer 34

accepting a schema and giving into it | behaviour reinforces or continues schema pattern

Question 35

define avoidance in terms of schemas

Answer 35

attempting to live without triggering the schema | avoid situations that could trigger it

Question 36

define overcompensation in terms of schemas

Answer 36

attempt to fight schema by acting in a completely opposite manner

Question 37

what are 4 schema modes

Answer 37

1. child modes 2. dysfunctional coping modes 3. dysfunctional parent modes 4. healthy adult modes

Question 38

what are child modes

Answer 38

characterised by childlike feeling and behaviours

Question 39

what are dysfunctional coping modes

Answer 39

used to prevent emotional distress but end up reinforcing schemas

Question 40

what are dysfunctional parent modes

Answer 40

internalising critical, demanding or harsh parental voices

Question 41

what are healthy adult modes

Answer 41

represent healthy functional self that regulates other modes by setting limits and countering effects of other modes

Question 42

5 goals of schema therapy

Answer 42

identify and heal schemas identify and address coping styles that get in the way of emotional needs change patterns of feelings and behaviours that result from schemas learn how to meet emotional needs healthily learn how to cope healthily if needs are not met

Question 43

what is dialetical behaviour therapy

Answer 43

focuses on high risk patients and tough to treat ones | originally developed to assist with BPD

Question 44

4 core DBT skills

Answer 44

1. mindfulness- be aware of thoughts and emotions 2. emotion regulation- manage emotions 3. distress tolerance- deals with difficult situations 4. interpersonal effectiveness- ask for what you want

Question 45

what does dearman stand for

Answer 45

describe, express, assert, reinforce, mindful, appear confident, negotiate

Question 46

what does give stand for

Answer 46

gentle, interested, validate, easy manner

Question 47

what does fast stand for

Answer 47

fair, apologise/dont, stick to value, truthful

Question 48

what does accepts stand for

Answer 48

acitivites, contributing, comparisons, emotions, pushing away, thoughts, sensation

Question 49

what does improve stand for

Answer 49

imager, meaning, prayer, relaxation, one thing at a time, vacation, encouragement

Question 50

reducing vulnerability skills

Answer 50

eat, sleep, exercise, take prescribed drugs

Question 51

what are build mastery skills

Answer 51

build positive emotions be mindful of current emotion opposite to emotion action

Question 52

"what" skills

Answer 52

observe, describe, participate

Question 53

"how" skills

Answer 53

non-judgmentally, open-mindfully, effectively