MET EOYS2 Flashcards by patrick ellis

Which of the following does the transervalis fascia become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

Which of the following does the transervalis fascia become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

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Which of the following does the external oblique become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

Which of the following does the external oblique become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

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Which of the following does the processus vaginalis become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

Which of the following does the processus vaginalis become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

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Which of the following does the internal oblique become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

Which of the following does the internal oblique become?

external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis

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During formation, what is A formed from?

external oblique
internal oblique
peritoneum
transversalis fascia
transversalis abdominis

internal oblique: A = Cremaster

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Tunica vaginalis is

A
B
C
D
E

Tunica vaginalis is

A
B
C
D
E

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Which of the following is where lymph drainage of D occurs

Pre-aortic nodes
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Lumbar nodes

Which of the following is where lymph drainage of D occurs

Pre-aortic nodes
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Lumbar nodes

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What is A

Middle colic artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal colic artery
Right colic artery

What is A

Middle colic artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal colic artery
Right colic artery

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Label A & B [2]

A Jejunal arteries
B Ileal arteries

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Label A-E

A: Left colic artery
B: IMA
C: Ileal arteries
D: Ileocolic artery
E: Right colic artery

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What is A?

Left colic artery
SMA
Middle colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Right colic artery

Middle colic artery

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ID A

Inferior epigastric artery

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Which of the following would early appendicitis pain present?

5 Classically, appendicitis initially presents with generalized or periumbilical abdominal pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant.

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Which two points does the inguinal ligament run between? [2]

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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Label A-G

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Which of the following is located outside of the external spermatic fascia

Vas deferens
Cremaster muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
Testicular vessels
Ilioinguinal nerve

Which of the following is located outside of the external spermatic fascia

Vas deferens
Cremaster muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
Testicular vessels
Ilioinguinal nerve

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At which point in the abdominal wall is the:

Deep inguinal ring
Superfical inguinal ring

Deep inguinal ring: point at which the contents of the spermatic cord enter the abdominal wall.
Superfical inguinal ring: point at which the spermatic cord emerges from the abdominal wall.

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Describe how the external oblique, internal oblique and transvesus abdominis surround the spermatic cord [3]

External oblique: : aponeurosis surrounds spermatic cord

Internal oblique: muscle fibres cover spermatic cord

Transversus abdominis: absent to spermatic cord structure

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Where does a direct inguinal herniation occur in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

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Which two molecules can activate the adenylyl cyclase pathway, which causes glycogenlysis, GNG? [2]

Glucagon
Adrenaline

The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?

Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia

The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?

Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia

Despite not innervating the Partoid glad the Facial nerve runs through the gland. This relationship is important as swelling or surgery on the parotid gland can compress facial nerve branches

As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.

Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?

Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve

As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.

Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?

Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve

As the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) it is responsible for the closure during swallowing.

Which nerve provides motor supply to the oesophagus? [1]

Acceptable responses: Vagus, Vagus nerve, CN X, X, cranial nerve 10

What structure is this arrow pointing at? [1]

Inferior epigastric vessels [1]

What does this arrow point to? [1]

Linea alba

Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development. Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following: A: **Foregut** (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum) B: **Midgut** (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon) C: **Hindgut** (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum)

Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development. Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following: A: **Foregut** (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum): **T6-T9** **EPIGASTRIC** B: **Midgut** (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon): **T8-T12** **UMBILICAL** C: **Hindgut** (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum): **T12-L2 SUPRAPUBIC**

Where would you expect pain from appendicitis to present?

Acceptable responses: umbilical, umbilical region

If appendicitis progresses and inflames the parietal peritoneum where would the pain be perceived? [1]

*Acceptable responses: Answer 1, right iliac fossa, lower right quadrant*

What is a volvulus?

Because of its mobility, the sigmoid colon can rotate around its mesentery. This may correct itself spontaneously, or the rotation may continue until the blood supply to the sigmoid colon is completely shut off. The rotation commonly occurs clockwise and is referred to as a volvulus.

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid: **CN IX** Submandibular: **CNVII** Sublingual: **CNVII**

Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1] The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1]

Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1] **CN IX** The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1] **CN X**

What is a hiatus hernia? What is a common cause?

when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening ("hiatus") in the diaphragm. The most common cause of a hiatal hernia is an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity. Your abdominal cavity is the space in the middle of your body that holds several organs, including the: Lower part of the esophagus and stomach. Small intestine, colon and rectum. Liver. Gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. Kidneys. Bladder.

describe the branches of the SMA (6)

1. inferior pancreaticoduedenal artery 2. jejnunal and ileal branches **3 m**iddle colic artery 4. **ri**ght colic artery 5. **i**leocolic artery -\> appendicular artery **MRI !**

A: **jenunal** B: **superior mesentric C ileocolic**

This 50-year-old man presents with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray shows small bowel dilatation. Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis? Amyand hernia De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

This 50-year-old man presents with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray shows small bowel dilatation. Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis? Amyand hernia De Garengeot hernia **femoral hernia** direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis? Amyand hernia De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis? Inferior epigastric vessels are shown by the arrowhead De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis? De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia direct inguinal hernia **indirect inguinal hernia** Inferior epigastric vessels medial to hernial neck (arrowhead) are visible obturator hernia

Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis? De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia **direct inguinal hernia** anguinal hernia (arrow), which passes medially to inferior epigastric ar tery and vein (arrowhead) indirect inguinal herni obturator hernia

Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis? De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia **direct inguinal hernia** T image shows par t of bladder (arrow) is contained within direct lef t inguinal hernia medial to inferior epigastric neurovascular bundle (arrowhead) indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

What type of hernia would it be if came out at the *? De Garengeot hernia femoral hernia direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

What type of hernia would it be if came out at the *? De Garengeot hernia **femoral hernia** direct inguinal hernia indirect inguinal hernia obturator hernia

What type of hernia is A? [1]

A: direct hernia

What of the following depicts the inferior epigastric arteries Solids arrows Open arrows Curved arrows Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the inferior epigastric arteries Solids arrows **Open arrows** Curved arrows Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring Solids arrows Open arrows Curved arrows Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring Solids arrows Open arrows **Curved arrows** Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring Solids arrows Open arrows Curved arrows Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring Solids arrows Open arrows Curved arrows **Arrowheads**

What of the following depicts the inguinal ligament Solids arrows Open arrows Curved arrows Arrowheads

What of the following depicts the inguinal ligament **Solids arrows** Open arrows Curved arrows Arrowheads

FYI