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FD3 > Metabolic conditions of the GI tract of Cattle > Flashcards

Metabolic conditions of the GI tract of Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 metabolic disorders in cattle?

A
  • ruminal tymphany
  • rumenal acidosis
  • abomasal displacements
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2
Q

What is ruminal tympany?

A
  • ruminal bloat
  • loss of gas prevented, distension of rumen
  • free gas bloat
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3
Q

What causes free gas bloat?

A
  • oesophageal obstruction
  • failure of eructation
    • hypocalcaemia
    • nerve dysfunction
  • carb overload
  • recumbency
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4
Q

How does frothy bloat occur?

A
  • legume feeding
  • higher viscosity
  • foam on top of liquid
  • no free gas
  • prevention of eructation
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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of bloat?

A
  • abdominal distension (10-4 o’clock)
  • rumenal hypomotility/ atony
  • pain, discomfort and vocalisation
  • recumbency and death
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6
Q

What is the normal pH of rumen?

A
  • 6.5-7
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7
Q

What happens if the pH drops below 6?

A
  • prohibits cellulose digestion
  • has effect on dynamic of bacteria
    • early lactating cows on high starch diets
      • higher CHO, High VFAs + lower saliva, lower pH
      • inhibition of lactic acid utilising bacteria
      • increased lactic acid producing bacteria
      • low pH
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8
Q

Difference between acute rumenal acidosis and subacute rumenal acidosis?

A
  • acute - more common in small animals
    • e.g. grain overload
    • highly quantity of CHO in a short timeframe
  • subacute
    • chronic exposure ro high starch levels
    • lack of physicall effective NDF
    • herd level problem
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9
Q

What are clinical signs of rumenal acidosis?

A
  • acute
    • rumenal tympany
    • diarrhoea
      • osmotic
      • reduced gut transit time
    • tachypnoea
    • recumbency and death
  • sub acute
    • lower milk production
    • lower butterfat content
    • lower BCS
    • lower rumination and dropped cuds
    • diarrohoea, undigested grains, faecal soiling
    • poor fertility rates
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Risk factors for rumenal acidosis?

A
  • size of conc feeds
  • feeding frequency
  • overall starch levels
  • forage access
  • ration sorting
  • transition
  • cow comfort
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12
Q

How do you diagnose SARA?

A
  • on farm observations
    • changed faecal consistency and incomplete digestion
    • poor cow cleanliness
    • tail swishing
    • lower DMI and increased sorting
    • decreased rumination and increased dropped cuds
    • ration assessment
  • lower herd performance
    • lower yields and bulk milk butterfat levels
    • poor repro performance
    • increased lameness
    • increased environmental mastitis
  • further investigations
    • rumenocentesis
    • rumenal pH monioring boluses
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13
Q

What are the common abomasal conditions of dairy cattle?

A
  • left displaced abomasum
  • right displaced abomasum
  • abomasal volvulus
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14
Q

When are abomasal disorders most common?

A
  • 1-2 weeks post calving
  • peak lactation
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15
Q

What is the most common abomasal condition?

A
  • left shift
  • 95% of cases
  • gas distended abomasum displaced btw left abdominal wall and rumen
  • duodenum compressed
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16
Q

Clinical signs of left displaced abomasum?

A
  • selective anorexia
  • lower milk production
  • lower rumen fill and motility
  • extension of caudal part of ribcage
  • ping on percussion
17
Q

How does left abomasal shift occur?

A
  • around calving the abomasum starts to shift - more on LHS
  • duodenum pulled short
  • as the abomasum pulls round it pulls the attachments tight
  • stop the gas from being able to escape
  • normally requires surgery
18
Q

What is the main difference between left and right displacement?

A
  • with left wont get significant compromise to the blood supply so dont get shock associated with it
19
Q

How does right displaced abomasum occur?

A
  • abomasum floats up on RHS
  • rotating over 90-180 degrees
  • volvulus/ torsion (anticlockwise)
  • obstruction of blood supply
    • sequestration of fluid and ions within the lumen -> hypovolaemia and a hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis
    • necrosis of the abomasal mucosa and translocation of bacteria -> septicaemia/ endotoxaemia
    • circulatory failure
  • shock
  • death
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of right displaced abomasum/ volvulus?

A
  • anorexia
  • lower milk production
  • lower rumen fill and faecal output
  • extension of caudal part of ribcafe
  • ping on percussion
  • signs of shock

FD3 (13 decks)

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