Metabolic disorders

Question 1

Twin lamb disease cause?

Answer 1

Poor food rationing, bad weather

Question 2

Twin lamb disease signs?

Answer 2

Ketosis, collapsed, constipated, death

Question 3

Twin lamb disease treatment?

Answer 3

Dextrose, glycerol drench, glucocorticoids

Question 4

Hypomagnesaemia cause?

Answer 4

Fresh lush grass low in Mg
Fertiliser reduces Mg
During lactation

Question 5

Hypomagnesaemia signs?

Answer 5

<0.8mmol/L blood
Frothing at mouth
muscle twitches

Question 6

Hypomagnesaemia treatment?

Answer 6

Give Mg sulfate subcut injection

Hay treated with Mg oxide daily

Question 7

Hypomagnesaemia prevension?

Answer 7

Know sward - levels in soil

Mineral licks

Question 8

Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) cause?

Answer 8

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Rapid diet change - acidosis
Eating bracken fern

Question 9

Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) signs?

Answer 9

Nervous disease

Circle, blindness, collapse, leg kicking, death

Question 10

Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) treatment?

Answer 10

Give thiamine, can be too late

Question 11

Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) prevention?

Answer 11

Diet, administer vitamins

Check fern levels

Question 12

Swayback cause?

Answer 12

Low ewe blood copper Cu levels - stops myelin sheath formation in lambs
Copper thiomolybdate (Mo) - from legumes

Question 13

Swayback treatment?

Answer 13

No cure - prevension

Question 14

Swayback prevention?

Answer 14

CoSeCure boluses

Cu supplementation - careful with toxicity over 25

Question 15

Pine cause?

Answer 15

Lack of cobalt Co

Cant make vit B12

Question 16

Pine signs?

Answer 16

No appetite
Dull
Dry coat
Death

Question 17

Pine treatment?

Answer 17

Injection of vit B12

Drench with Co sulphate

Question 18

Pine prevention?

Answer 18

CoSeCure boluses

Check Co of swards/soil

Question 19

White muscle disease cause?

Answer 19

Selenium Se deficiency and vitamin E deficiency

Question 20

What does Se do?

Answer 20

Reduces antioxidents

Cofactor for thyroid hormone

Question 21

White muscle disease signs?

Answer 21

Wasting of muscles
Usable to stand
Heart damaged - death

Question 22

White muscle disease treatment?

Answer 22

Injection of selenium and vitamin E

Question 23

White muscle disease prevention?

Answer 23

Inject all lambs
Supplement dams ration
CoSeCure bolus

Question 24

Aphosphorosis cause?

Answer 24

Phosphorus deficiency

Poor diet/grazing

Question 25

Aphosphorosis signs?

Answer 25

``` Down cow Poor fertility Bone formation problems Reduced milk yield Pica - depraved appetite, madly hungry will eat anything ```

Question 26

Aphosphorosis treatment?

Answer 26

Oral Pi3 supplementation

Question 27

Aphosphorosis prevention?

Answer 27

Adequate diet and fertilise soil

Question 28

Vitamin A deficiency cause?

Answer 28

Bad rations, no access to pasture

Question 29

Vitamin A deficiency signs?

Answer 29

``` Night blindness Impaired immunity Infertility Rough, scaly skin Xeropthalmia ```

Question 30

What is xeropthalmia?

Answer 30

Dry, ulceration of conjunctiva in eye

Question 31

Vitamin A deficiency treatment?

Answer 31

Retinol injection, vit A supplement

Question 32

Vitamin A deficiency prevention?

Answer 32

Forage in ration containing carotene to convert to retinol

Question 33

Goitre cause?

Answer 33

Iodine deficiency - decreases tyroxine and triiodothyronine production Goitrogens in brassicas eg. kale, rape

Question 34

Goitre signs?

Answer 34

Enlarged thyroid gland | Weak hairless young or abortion

Question 35

Goitre treatment?

Answer 35

Oral dosing of potassium iodide | Intraruminal iodine bolus

Question 36

Goitre prevention?

Answer 36

Add iodine to concentrate, eg. using seaweed

Question 37

Clover disease cause?

Answer 37

Grazing oestrogenic legume cultivars producing phytoestrogens

Question 38

Clover disease signs?

Answer 38

Infertility, dystocia