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Pigs Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What country is the largest pig consumer/producer?

A

China

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2
Q

How much pig does UK consume compared to produce?

A

54%

net importer

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3
Q

How many pigs are in the UK?

A

4 million

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4
Q

How much of the pig industry is outdoor?

A

40

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5
Q

How many pigs are breeding pigs in the UK?

A

10%

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6
Q

What is the weight of finishers?

A

50-120kg

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7
Q

What is the weight of weaners?

A

7-10kg

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8
Q

What is hte weight of growers?

A

20-40kg

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9
Q

What is the age of the sow at first litter?

A

12 months

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10
Q

What is a typical litter size?

A

11-13 live births

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11
Q

What is the typical birthweight?

A

1-2kg

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12
Q

What is the preweaning mortality?

A

12%

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13
Q

WHat is the mean weaning age?

A

27 days

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14
Q

What is the mean weaning weight?

A

7 kg

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15
Q

How many litters do pigs ave in a year?

A

2.2-2.5

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16
Q

What is the live weight ?

A

Weight of animal at slaughter

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17
Q

WHat is the carcass weight/

A

weight of animal at end of slaughter line

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18
Q

WHat is the killing out percentage?

A

carcass weight as a proportion to live weight

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19
Q

What are commercial breeds used for?

A

Crossing with primitive breeds at the multiplier and production stage

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20
Q

What are the two main commercial pig breeds?

A

Landrace

Large white

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21
Q

What are the main features of landrace breed?

A

Versatile - indoors nad outdoors
large litters
high lean meat content - pork or bacon

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22
Q

What are the main characteristics of the large white?

A

Hardy - outdoors

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23
Q

What pig breed is black or has white socks/blaze and prick ears?

A

Berkshire

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of berkshire pigs?

A

High in intramuscular fat - flavour

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25
What pig breed is small, red coated with the longest snout?
Tamworth
26
What are the features of Tamworths?
Hardy resistant to sunburn good mothering
27
What pig is wrinkly with droopy ears from china?
Meishan
28
What are the characteristics of Meishan pigs?
Large litters - 15-25 piglets | Early puberty
29
What pig breed is often kept as pets and are short and round?
Kunekune
30
What pig breed is RED?
Duroc
31
What are the characteristics of duroc pigs?
Good mothering, docile - outdoor | Marbling of muscle
32
What pig breed is black and white?
Gloucester old spot
33
What are the characteristics of gloucester old spots?
Placid Oldest breed Large litters, high milk production
34
What age do boars start mating?
7-8 months
35
What is a gilt?
Female pig under 1 year old
36
How many teats should a gilt have?
12 minimum | good if 14
37
What is the gestation of a pig?
115 days
38
What are the signs of th3 pre farrowing period?
development of mammary glands swelling of the vulva reduced appetite restlessness
39
How long is the prefarrowing period?
10-14 day before birth
40
When does milk start to be secreted?
12 hours before birth
41
How long is farrowing?
3-8hrs | born every 20 mins
42
When is the placenta delivered?
1-4 hrs after
43
How much colostrum should pigs have?
150-280g per Kg
44
When should a piglet have colostrum by?
6 hours
45
How much should piglets weigh at 4 weeks old?
7kg
46
What supplements do piglets need?
Iron
47
What procedures are done on piglets?
Needle teeth clipping | tail docking
48
What age must mutilations be done by?
under 7 days old | otherwise anaesthetic needed
49
What are the 5 freedoms?
``` Suitable environment Suitable diet Able to exhibit normal behaviour Housed with/without other animals Protection from suffering ```
50
What temp should sows be kept at?
15-20 degrees
51
How are growth rates temp dependent?
Below lower critical temp | lose weight
52
How much feeder space do pigs need?
1.1 x shoulder width x number of pigs
53
What do pigs eat?
70% cereal - barley protein - soya synthetic lysine
54
What is creep feeding?
feeding before weaning at 3 weeks
55
How are weaners fed?
Ad libitum until 20-25kg in weight/8-10 weeks
56
What are the 7 key requirements under welfare regs?
``` Inspection once a day no tethering Enough room to move suitable nesting material a week before farrowing group housing Suitable quantity of high fibre food weaned at 28 days ```
57
What causes bad ventilation?
Dust build up on extractor fans
58
What is phase feeding ?
Changing diets over short period of time as they grow | minimises over/underfeeding
59
How are growers fed?
High levels of lysine, protein content, energy for fast lean growth
60
How are finishers fed?
max of 28-34MJ of energy per day | protein 14%
61
What is important about dry sow diet?
If fed too much during pregnancy, then they reduce intake during lactation so low milk production
62
What are dry sows fed?
2-2.5kg of grain based feed
63
How are lactating sows fed?
Ad libitum | Eat less if fat
64
What is outdoor pig production used for?
Sows, farrowing and rearing of young piglets | not reared to slaughter/finished outside
65
Problems with outdoor pig production?
``` Winter - higher pig mortality and not POTZ predators sunburn churn up ground poorer weight gain higher feed cost ```
66
Advantages of outdoor pig production?
Part of crop rotation Iron injections not needed straw from individual arcs can be burnt teeth clipping not required - chew twigs
67
How many pigs should be oudooors?
25 sows per hectare
68
What does overstocking cause?
Waterlogging and poaching of soil
69
What breeds are used in outdoor production?
More hardy, better mothering ability, dark breeds
70
What is normal wild boar behavour?
``` Small social groups matriarchical Males join during breeding season nocturnal 8 hrs foraging build nest 1-2 days before farrowing 4-6 piglets isolate before farrowing Leave nest for increasing periods of time ```
71
What are the main welfare issues with sows?
Feeding restricted during gestation Agression Crushing of piglets Farrowing crates
72
What are the avantages of farrowing crates?
Less crushing | Easier access for stockperson
73
What are issues with crates?
Cant move - sores, infection, weaker bones Cant nest build or get away - normal behaviour, 5 freedoms Higher cortisol, more stillbirths Lie on udders to stop piglets getting to teats
74
What are the advantages of get away pens?
Quicker return to oestrus less weight loss during lactation Piglets eat solid food so better prepared for weaning
75
What is the disadvantage of get away pens?
More crushing
76
What are the 4 ways of understanding behaviour as part of an animals biology?
Mechanism - how does it work Function - what is it for Evolution Development
77
What is the proximate explanation?
Development and mechanism of behaviour | HOW is it achieved in an individual
78
What is the ultimate explaination?
Function and evolutionary history | What is it for and WHY?
79
What is normal cow behavior?
``` Herds Bulls normally separate unless big groups Varying ages Dominant subordinate relationships agressive with unfamiliar cows Affiliative behaviours ```
80
What is normal sheep behaviour?
``` Herbivorous Small groups Daughters stay with mothers Isolate at partuition Follow leader Rarely agonistic ```
81
What does tail biting cause?
``` Pain infection Impaired growth stress condemnation of carcass death economic losses ```
82
What is the main diseases that tail biting causes?
Osteomyelitis - infection into bone | Hindquarter abscesses
83
When is tail docking in pigs carried out?
When measures to improve environmental conditions have been taken first
84
What factor decreases tail biting?
``` Straw - like to forage Healthy Objects Increased water flow Better access to food ```
85
What are the 3 different types of tail biting?
Boredom/metabolic balance - motivation to root, non aggressive Frustration - cant access resources Fanatic pigs - rogues, often youngest/smallest
86
What to do to objects to better enrichment?
Clean them Attached Destructible - can shew Regularly rotated

BVSc2 AM2 (5 decks)

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