Poultry

Question 1

What is the chain of laying hens?

Answer 1

Grandparent flock lays breeding flock
Breeding flock las pullets which become all female laying flock
These lay the infertile eggs that are for sale

Question 2

How long does it take to become laying age?

Answer 2

16 weeks

Question 3

How long are chickens layers?

Answer 3

16-70 weeks

Question 4

What is the chain for broiler chickens?

Answer 4

Grandparent flock
Breeding flock
Table birds

Question 5

How long are table birds alive for?

Answer 5

5/6 weeks

Question 6

How are chickens sexed?

Answer 6

Females red

males white

Question 7

What types of farm are there for poultry?

Answer 7

Rearing farm
Laying farm
Broiler farm

Question 8

What are pullets?

Answer 8

Young laying hens before they start laying

Question 9

How is the broiler industry different?

Answer 9

Most intensively farmed
most mechanised
low labour

Question 10

What businesses control the layer market?

Answer 10

Major egg packers

Question 11

What business controls th ebroiler industry?

Answer 11

Processors

Mostly contract production

Question 12

What are the 3 main layer breeds?

Answer 12

Hyline
Lohman
Novogen

Question 13

WHat are the two main broiler breeds?

Answer 13

Avian

Cobb

Question 14

What is different about free range?

Answer 14

Loose housed

Access outside through popholes during day

Question 15

What is the stocking density for broilers?

Answer 15

14birds/m2

Question 16

What is the stocking density fro layers?

Answer 16

7 birds/m2

Question 17

How are turkeys usually housed?

Answer 17

Indoor

Question 18

What is different about ducks and geese?

Answer 18

Ducks feed in water, geese on land

Geese same colour male and female, ducks dimorphic

Question 19

What must ducks have?

Answer 19

Water trough that they can dunk their heads in

Question 20

What is used to bring birds into lay?

Answer 20

Extended day lengths

Question 21

How much light should broilers have?

Answer 21

6 hrs

4 hrs continuous

Question 22

How much daylight should laying hens get?

Answer 22

8hrs

Question 23

What kind of lighting are chicks used to?

Answer 23

Intermittent

Question 24

What problems can you get with lighting?

Answer 24

Can see flickering lights more than humans

need UV light

Question 25

How much do ducks weigh at slaughter?

Answer 25

males 5kg | females 3kg

Question 26

How much do broilers weigh at slaughter?

Answer 26

2.3kg

Question 27

How much do turkeys weigh at slaughter?

Answer 27

7-10kg

Question 28

What is important to note about temp in chickens?

Answer 28

Packed to tight can cause overheating | 46 degrees is fatal

Question 29

How often are eggs layed?

Answer 29

Every 22-26 hrs

Question 30

What is the basic anatomy cycle of egg laying?

Answer 30

``` Yolk from ovary fertilised in oviduct Albumin from magnum shell added in shell gland in uterus laid via cloaca ```

Question 31

How long are eggs incubated for?

Answer 31

21 days

Question 32

What is keel damage caused by?

Answer 32

Collisions with furnishings | Low calcium levels

Question 33

What does keel damage cause?

Answer 33

Reduced productivity

Question 34

What are Welfare problems in laying hens?

Answer 34

Cage layer fatigue Injurous pecking Keel damage

Question 35

What does injurous feather pecking cause?

Answer 35

Increased feed consumption to keep warm more death decreased production

Question 36

When is beak trimming done and why?

Answer 36

Before 10 days | less damaging feather pecking

Question 37

What does beak trimming cause?

Answer 37

Less eating so slower growth Acute pain when occurs sensory deprivation less active

Question 38

What is the method of beak trimming used?

Answer 38

Infrared trimming more accurate no open wound fall off 10 days later

Question 39

What are the main welfare concerns of broilers?

Answer 39

Rapid growth rate causing lameness and heart defects space pododermatitis - poor litter

Question 40

What is the max stocking density of broilers?

Answer 40

33kg/m2

Question 41

What are factors for ventilation in poultry?

Answer 41

Humidity - wet litter, heat stress Dusty High ammonia levels

Question 42

What does poor ventilation cause in chickens?

Answer 42

resp diseases conjunctivitis infectious bronchitis

Question 43

What are the main welfare concerns in broiler breeders?

Answer 43

Mating behaviour - agressive | Hunger

Question 44

WHat is normal jungle fowl courtship behaviour?

Answer 44

``` Feather ruffling crowing waltzing food gifts high step advance ```

Question 45

Why is feed restricted in broiler breeders?

Answer 45

Stop fast growth, lameness increases repro health reduces mortality

Question 46

What are indicators of hunger and stress?

Answer 46

``` Hyperactivity Pacing Stereotypic pecking overdrinking corticosterone ```

Question 47

How do you make hunger a bit better for the broiler breeders?

Answer 47

Environmental enrichment | scattering of food

Question 48

WHen does turkey growth rates flatten?

Answer 48

18wks in females | 22 wks in males

Question 49

What are welfare problems in turkeys?

Answer 49

Foot pad lesions heat stress injurous pecking handling and transport causing injuries

Question 50

What are welfare problems in ducks?

Answer 50

Access to open water injurious pecking wet litter Fall on back and cant get up

Question 51

What are the two diseases associated with poultry meat?

Answer 51

Campylobacter | Salmonella

Question 52

What are the two notifiable diseases in poultry?

Answer 52

Newcastle disease | Avian influenza - zoonotic

Question 53

Who must be informed if notifiable disease?

Answer 53

APHA

Question 54

How are poultry often vaccinated?

Answer 54

Course spray

Question 55

How long do birds spend foraging?

Answer 55

60% of time

Question 56

What causes birds to adjust their feed intake?

Answer 56

Energy density eg. more fat than fibre

Question 57

What type of fibre to birds eat?

Answer 57

Wheat and barley

Question 58

What are non starch polysaccharides?

Answer 58

Indigestible dietary fibre Can be water soluble or insoluble enzyme supplement help to digest it so more energy

Question 59

What is used to grind up food in birds?

Answer 59

Gizzard

Question 60

What does insoluble fibre improve?

Answer 60

Increased gizzard weight better GI tract function More HCl and enzymes, bile acid

Question 61

How is fibre linked to injurious pecking?

Answer 61

More insoluble fibre increases satiety so decreases motivation to forage which decreases injurious feather pecking

Question 62

What provides fat in poultry diet?

Answer 62

Soya, recycled veg oil

Question 63

What is fat good for?

Answer 63

Higher egg weight and yolk proportion better broiler performance Help with transport of vitamins

Question 64

What is an essential fatty acid in birds?

Answer 64

Linoleic acid from omega 3 or omega 6

Question 65

What is important to note with poultry protein?

Answer 65

Need to get essential amino acids which can be supplemented in feed If not then poor performance

Question 66

What is different about natural diet to artificial diet of poultry?

Answer 66

Natural diet would also have worms and insects | but only allowed to be plant based in the UK

Question 67

How is calcium fed to chickens?

Answer 67

CaCO3 limestone, and oyster shell | also need vitamin D and phosphorus

Question 68

What form is food given in?

Answer 68

Pellets for broilers - all nutrients | mashed feeds for layers as increases time spent feeding so decreases injurious pecking

Question 69

What must you do if you have more than 50 birds?

Answer 69

Register to the DEFRA poultry register

Question 70

What are class A eggs?

Answer 70

Part of salmonella flock plan

Question 71

What must you do if buying chicks?

Answer 71

Vaccinate them

Question 72

How must backyard poultry be housed?

Answer 72

Outdoors | With shelter, protection, ventilation, perching and space, able to ground peck

Question 73

What can you feed backyard poultry?

Answer 73

``` Commercial feed in morning whole grain in evening veg matter but not kitchen waste Mealworm treats Oystershell grit ```

Question 74

What routine treatments are done on backyard poultry?

Answer 74

Wing clipping Beak tipping - top beak clipped to meet lower beak, different to beak clipping Claw trimming Bareback saddles for mating to protect feathers