Metabolism Flashcards
What three things can happen to glucose
- Energy production
- Muscles replenish glycogen supply (if needed)
- Excess glucose not needed for immediate energy is used for fat synthesis.
After eating, blood glucose levels _________ due to carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Increase
When more glucose is available them is needed immediately the excess _________ formed is converted to fat.
Acetyl-CoA
Between meals, the supply of dietary glucose _______
Decreases
Between meals, liver _____ is the primary source of blood glucose
Glycogen
Muscle glycogen can only be used by the muscle because muscle doesn’t have _________ so glucose can’t go back into blood.
Glucose 6 phosphatase
What are the needs that need to be met by blood glucose
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Far formation
Tissue oxidation
_____ _____ can’t be used for net synthesis of new glucose
Fatty acids
After dietary glucose is in blood, what three things can happen
1) energy production (first)
2) muscle glycogen
3) fat synthesis (last)
In the fed state, glucose leaves the intestine via the hepatic portal vein passing through the liver first. As ____ is being oxidized to ____ it is first oxidized to __#3____ in the pathway of ________. #3 is then oxidized to ________.
Glucose CO2 Pyruvate Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl CoA
The liver does not store ______, but Packages them along with ______,_________, and ______ into lipoprotein complexes known as ____.
Triacylglycerols Proteins Phospholipids Cholesterol VLDL
______ is the one fuel that can be used by all tissues.
Glucose
The brain and other neural tissues are very dependably on glucose for their energy needs. They generally _______ glucose via ______ and the _______ _______, completely to _____ and _____, generating _____.
Oxidize Glycolysis TCA cycle CO2 H2O ATP
______ is the only fuel that can be use by RBC’s becomes they lack _______
Glucose
Mitochondria
Glucose generates ATP from ______ ________ in the _____, thus RBC obtain energy. In ________ ________ the ______ formed is converted to _________ and the. Released into blood.
Anaerobic glycolysis Cytosol Anaerobic glycolysis Pyruvate Lactate
Exercising skeletal muscle can use glucose from the blood of from their own glycogen stores, converting ______ to ________ through _________ or oxidizing it completely to ____ and _____
Glucose Lactate Glycolysis CO2 H2O
Glucose is transported into muscle cells and converted to _____ by processes that are stimulated by _______.
Glycogen
Insulin
______ stimulates the transport if glucose into adipose cells a well as into muscle cells
Insulin
After glucose is transported into cells, it is ______ by a ______ to form _____
Phosphorylated
Hexokinase
Glucose 6 phosphate
The major fate if G6P is oxidation via the pathway of ________, which provides a source of ____ for all cell types.
Glycolysis
ATP
The process of glucose production is _______, which occurs primarily in the ______, is the pathway for the synthesis of glucose from compounds other than __________
Gluconeogenesis
Liver
Carbohydrates
The three regulatory steps of glycolysis
1) pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)
2) fructose 1,6 bis phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
3) glucose 6 phosphate to glucose
After a meal containing carbohydrates, blood glucose levels _________. Some of the glucose from the diet is stored in the ______ as _______.
Rise
Liver
Glycogen
_______ is elevated during the fed state, and ______ is elevated during fasting.
Insulin
Glucagon
