Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Nutrition > Overview of Nutrients > Flashcards

Overview of Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two essential fatty acids the body cannot make on its own so they are needed in the diet

A

omega 6- linoleic acid

omega 3- linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A

Vit. A D E K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cheapest, most abundant, most critical nutrient

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the five functions of water

A
  1. nutrient transport and excretion
  2. chemical reactions (hydrolysis)
  3. body temp regulation
  4. maintain shape of cell
  5. lubricate/cushion joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the three sources of water for an animal

A
  1. drinking water
  2. water in feed
  3. metabolic water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what nutrient accounts for ~75% of the dry wight of plants but only <1% of animal tissue

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

main source of energy for animals, primarily starches and cellulose

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cell walls are made of

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell contents include

A

starches and sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the primary simple sugar

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 ways energy values are expressed

A
  1. TDN- total digestible nutrients
  2. DE- Digestible energy
  3. ME-metabolizable energy
  4. NE- Net Energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what energy value is used for horses

A

DE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what energy value is used for swine and beef

A

ME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what energy value is used for beef feedlot and dairy cattle

A

NE: NE- gain, NE- maintenance, NE- lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what stands for fat on a feed label

A

ether extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what nutrient accounts for <5% of most feedstuffs

A

lipids (fats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the physiological fuel value for
fat
carbohydrates
protein

A

fat: 9 kcal/g
CHO: 4 kcal/g
protein: 4 kcal/g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are functions of fat

A
  1. structural component of cell membranes
  2. source of essential fatty acids
  3. serve as an energy reserve in the body
  4. serve as a carrier for fat soluble vitamins
  5. insulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

linolenic acid –>?

linoleic acid –>?

A

DHA, EPA

prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

found in greatest amount of any nutrient, except water, in all living organisms

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what two amino acids are necessary for young animals but not so much for adults

A

histidine and arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

essential amino acids are also called

A

indispensable amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the ten essential amino acids

A 
PVT TIM HALL
phenylalanine 
valine
threonine 
tryptophan
isoleucine 
methionine 
histidine
arginine
leucine 
lysine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nonessential amino acids are also called

A

dispensable , not needed in the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the 12 non essential amino acids
1. alanine 2. aspartic acid 3. asparagine 4. cysteine 5. cystine 6. glutamic acid 7. glutamine 8. glycine 9. proline 10. hydroxy-proline 11. serine 12. tyrosine
26
protein as a % in diet ________ as the animal gets older , but amount of protein needed a day _______
decreases | increases
27
what is usually the 1st limiting amino acid
lysine
28
what two amino acids do chicken require along with the essential 10
glycine and proline
29
cats and Dalmatians require
taurine
30
total mineral content of plant or animal
ash
31
what are the 7 macro minerals needed by the body
Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, K, S
32
what are nine micro minerals needed by the body
Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn,
33
minerals act as _______in the body while vitamins act as _________ in the body
cofactors | coenzymes
34
this mineral in involved in bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction, blood clotting Deficiencies: rickets, osteoporosis, tetany, milk fever in dairy cattle (parturient paresis)
Ca
35
what three nutrients are usually talked about together
Ca, P, and Vit. D
36
this mineral in involved in bone and teeth formation, high energy phosphate bonds Def: rickets, chewing on wood or boards (depraved appetite), eating soil (pica), anestrus in cattle
P
37
this mineral in involved in bone formation, enzyme cofactor for ATP formation and utilization Def: hyper irritability and convulsions, loss of equilibrium, tetany
Mg
38
this mineral in involved in cellular respiration (hemoglobin; myoglobin; cytochomes) Def: Anemia
Fe
39
this mineral in involved in cofactor for enzyme systems | Def: parakeratosis in swine (tough, thickened skin) poor hair development, slipping of wool
Zn
40
this mineral in involved in: component of vitamin B12 (also called cobalamin) def: macrocytic anemia, Ruminants: severely reduced appetite and growth leading to death (Because ruminants absorb very little glucose, B12 important in glycolysis etc.)
Co
41
this mineral in involved in thyroxine formation (regulation of BMR) def: causes goiter: enlarged thyroid gland
Iodine
42
this mineral in involved in component of glutathione peroxidase which protects against cellular membrane damage, functions with vitamin E Def: easily rupture blood cells, nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) Excess: blind staggers, sloughing of hooves and tails.
Se | usually goes together with Vit. E
43
this mineral in involved in bone formation, traces prevent against tooth decay Excess: defects in enamel, mottled teeth, bone deformities
Fluorine (F)
44
this should always be available, either in the diet or free range
salt ruminants and horses : .5-1% diet pigs and poultry : .25- .5% diet
45
Vitamin D is necessary for ____ absorption from intestines and bone deposition, and involved in renal reabsorption and bone deposition of ___
Ca | P
46
grains tend to be low in _____ and ok in ____ | Forages tend to be low in ____ and ok in _____
Ca, P | P, Ca
47
necessary for metabolic activity but do not become part of structural components of body
Vitamins
48
the 4 fat soluble vitamins
Vit, A D E K
49
10 water soluble vitamins
1. thiamin 2. riboflavin 3. pantothenic acid 4. niacin 5. pyridoxine 6. biotin 7. folic acid 8. choline 9. b12 10. Vit. C
50
what three vitamins can rumen microorganisms synthesize
Vit, K, B, and C
51
precursor for vitamin A
Carotene
52
Precursor for vitamin D
ergocalciferol - from plants | Cholecaciferol - from animals
53
precursor for vitamin E
a-tocopherol
54
precursor for vitamin K
menadione
55
functions in vision, epithelial tissue maintenance, bone formations def: night blindness, xeropthalmia, respiratory infections, failure to conceive, abnormal bone growth
Vit A
56
functions in prothrombin formation, blood clotting | def: spontaneous hemorrhages, prolonged clotting time
Vit. K
57
in rat poison
warfarin
58
antagonist of Vit. K
dicoumarol
59
coenzyme for oxidation/reduction reactions (energy metabolism) def: pellagra
Niacin
60
Thiamin deficiency causes
beriberi
61
beri beri causes
los of sensation in hands and feet, partial paralysis, muscular weakness, abnormal heart action
62
role as coenzyme in oxidation reduction reactions, | def: causes curled tow paralysis, moon blindness, alopecia (loss of hair), conjunctivitis, lacrimation
riboflavin
63
part of the structure of coenzyme A | def: causes goose stepping in swine, neuromotor disorders, cardiovascular instability
pantothenic acid
64
``` function in synthesis of DNA and RNA, Def: nonspecific ( diarrhea, anemia) Spinda bifida ```
folic acid
65
functions as coenzyme for carboxylation reactions, avidin will bind this
biotin
66
protein in raw egg white, will bind biotin making it unavailable
avidin
67
role as coenzyme, transamination and deamination of amino acids def: dermatitis
pyridoxine
68
functions in Hb formation and Fe absorption | def: anemia, swayback and falling disease
copper
69
Def: reproductive abnormalities, delayed sexual maturity, poor conception rates, slipped tendon in chicks
manganese
70
excess interferes with Cu metabolism, extreme diarrhea leading to emaciation and dehydration, component and xanthine oxidase (RNA and DNA synthesis)
molybdenum

Animal Nutrition (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions