Metabolism and Energetics

Question 1

What builds biomass?

Answer 1

Organisms need nutrients & energy to build biomass

Question 2

What are the 2 types of metabolism?

Answer 2

Catabolism & Anabolism

Question 3

What is Catabolism?

Answer 3

Breaking of large molecules into smaller molecules, and releasing energy

Question 4

What is Anabolism?

Answer 4

Builds biomolecules from precursors with the energy from catabolism

Question 5

What can dictate the increase in biomass in the organism?

Answer 5

The free energy of the catabolic reactions

Question 6

Brain vomit the Gibbs Free energy basics!

Answer 6

∆G=∆H-T∆S
- ∆H (-) = heat release ; ∆H (+) = heat absorbed
- T∆S (-) = more order; T∆S (+) = less order
- (-∆G) = heat released, dec order, spont rxn

Question 7

Define an exergonic reaction

Answer 7

∆G°= (-) ; Keq > 1

Question 8

Define an endergonic reaction

Answer 8

∆G°= (+) ; Keq < 1

Question 9

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 9

Aerobic - uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor
Anaerobic - uses other molecules (organic & inorganic) as the final electron acceptor

Question 10

What is syntrophy?

Answer 10

Driving metabolism forward in one species by removal of its product by another species

Question 11

What carries energy in the cell?

Answer 11

ATP via phosphorylation

Question 12

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 12

The binding of ADP to ATP w/ the addition of H+ (energy) to make ATP and H20

Question 13

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 13

Breaking of bonds using water, that yields energy

Question 14

What does coupling reactions mean?

Answer 14

Taking an energy requiring rxn and pairing it w/a rxn that will release energy

Question 15

What is the cycle of energy in a cell?

Answer 15

Harvesting energy in catabolism and reusing it in anabolism

Question 16

T/F - The more bonds that are broken the more energy there is available

Answer 16

True - breaking phosphoryl groups releases different amounts of energy

Question 17

T/F - Redox isn’t the basis of metabolism, only part of it

Answer 17

False - e- transfer is the whole point of metabolism

Question 18

Standard Reduction Potential

Answer 18

Molecule’s tendency to accept electrons

Question 19

What is the importance of NADH?

Answer 19

It carries e- and energy when Ox is coupled w/ Red of O2

Question 20

What is the state of energy of most biochemical reactions?

Answer 20

Have an Activation Energy (Ea) thats above the Kinetic Energy (KE) of the reactants colliding

Question 21

How does adding an enzyme affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 21

Decreases Ea ; Increases rate of reaction

Question 22

How do enzymes work?

Answer 22

They change the rxn rate NOT Keq; bring substrates together; move substrates into the correct position;