Microbial Nutrition

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

Needed in large quantities

Question 2

Most important macronutrients

Answer 2

• CHONPS ( Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)
• K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/3+ (Enzyme cofactors)
• Ca2+ (signaling molecules)

Question 3

Micronutrients

Answer 3

Needed in lesser quantities or not often

Question 4

Most common micronutrients

Answer 4

Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mo2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ (Enzyme cofactors)

Question 5

3 Main things organisms need

Answer 5

Carbon, energy, electrons

Question 6

2 ways to obtain carbon

Answer 6

Autotrophs & Heterotrophs

Question 7

Autotrophs

Answer 7

Take in CO2, turn it into e- and make it into organic molecules

Question 8

Heterotrophs

Answer 8

Break down organic molecules for carbon

Question 9

2 ways to obtain energy

Answer 9

Phototrophy & Chemotrophy

Question 10

Phototrophs

Answer 10

Absorb light for energy

Question 11

Chemotrophs

Answer 11

Obtain energy from redox reactions

Question 12

2 ways to obtain electrons

Answer 12

Lithotrophy & Organotrophy

Question 13

Lithotrophs

Answer 13

e- from inorganic chemicals

Question 14

Organotrophs

Answer 14

e- from organic compounds

Question 15

What are the 2 common nutritional categories?

Answer 15

Chemoorganoheterotrophs & Photolithoautotrophs

Question 16

Chemoorganoheterotroph

Answer 16

Organic carbon source - provides CHO, energy and e-

Question 17

Photolithoautotroph

Answer 17

CO2 as carbon source, light as energy, inorganic e- source

Question 18

Carbon cycle brings together which energy categories?

Answer 18

Organotrophs & autotrophs

Question 19

What ion is essential to all organisms?

Answer 19

Nitrogen - through gas or compounds

Question 20

Two ways to take in nitrogen

Answer 20

• Nitrogen Fixer - N2 broken and converted to NH4 (only archaea)
• Everyone else - nitrogenous compounds

Question 21

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 21

No cellular energy b/c concentration gradient

Question 22

Aquaporins - type & function

Answer 22

facilitated diffusion - water transport

Question 23

Active transport

Answer 23

uses energy

Question 24

Coupled transport

Answer 24

One molecule moves up the gradient, the other down (active)

Question 25

Symporter

Answer 25

both molecules in the same direction

Question 26

Antiporter

Answer 26

molecules in opposite directions

Question 27

Where does the energy come from in a coupled transport?

Answer 27

Molecule moving down the gradient produces energy for the one moving up

Question 28

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters (ABC)

Answer 28

use energy from ATP for nutrient uptake

Question 29

Where are ABC transporters located in the cell?

Answer 29

On the inner cell membrane

Question 30

ABC transporter structure

Answer 30

solute binding part (outside cell) & ATPase (inside cell)

Question 31

Siderophores

Answer 31

high iron affinity - scavenges limited free soluble iron for transport into the cell (active)

Question 32

Group translocation

Answer 32

Modifies/masks the substrate that's traveling down the concentration gradient via instant modification