Metabolism I: Glycolysis

Question 1

Anabolism:

Answer 1

endergonic and reductive
- NADPH + H+ is reducing agent

Question 2

Catabolism:

Answer 2

exergonic and oxidative
- NADH + H+ is reducing agent

Question 3

ATP production - oxidation

Answer 3

throughaerobic glycolysisyieldspyruvate- efficient

Question 4

ATP production - fermentation

Answer 4

byanaerobic glycolysisyieldslactate- rapid, inefficient

Question 5

Storage of glucose

Answer 5

Stored as disaccharides, polyaccharides in liver

Question 6

what does metabolism always requires

Answer 6

a precursors going to a product

and reducing agent that either accepts or produces electrons to drive the process forward

Question 7

Ribose-5-phosphate

Answer 7

• Oxidation through **pentose phosphate pathway → ribose-5-phosphate
  
  • Precursor for nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, growth

Question 8

Glucose transport into cells

Answer 8

• Via Na+/glucose symporters
• Via passive facilitated diffusion glucose transporters GLUTs (1-5)

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

• series of reactions where glucose → 2x pyruvate molecules
• Per 1 glucose, net gain of 2 ATP

Question 10

glycolysis simplified

Answer 10

breaking of glucose

Question 11

looks at glycolysis pathway in notes

Answer 11

catabolism of glucose

Question 12

Hexokinase

Answer 12

substrate entry

Question 13

Phosphofructokinase

Answer 13

rate of flow

Question 14

Pyruvate kinase

Answer 14

product exit

Question 15

stage 1 of glycolysis

Answer 15

glucose is trapped and destabilised

Question 16

stage 2 of glycolysis

Answer 16

two interconvertible three-carbon molecules are formed

Question 17

stage 3 of glycolysis

Answer 17

generation of ATP

Question 18

what are the Two major cellular needs in glycolysis

Answer 18

production of ATP

provision of building blocks for synthetic reactions

Question 19

what is a control point

Answer 19

Enzymes catalysing irreversible reactions