methods and research design Flashcards

1
Q

Define developmental psychology

A

A discipline that aims to examine human behaviour across the life course and adopt a range of perspectives

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2
Q

What are the five developmental trajectories?

A

a- continuous increasing ability
b- continuous, decreasing ability
c- step or stage like
d- inverted u
e- upright u

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3
Q

What is an example of an inverted u shape trajectory?

A

Intelligence- as we age, our intelligence increases up to a certain point and then declines

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4
Q

What is an example of an upright u shaped trajectory?

A

The stepping reflex in infants- newborns take stepping movements, appearing to be able to walk but this disappears and reappear a few months later

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5
Q

What are two types of research design often used in developmental psychology?

A

Cross-sectional, longitudinal

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6
Q

What methods are often used in developmental psychology research?

A

Observations, surveys, baby biographies (obs of own child), psychometrics, time and event sampling, interviews with children on memory

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7
Q

What did Miles investigate about memory in children?

A

The mean age for remembering an earliest memory from childhood was 3 years, 4 months. Girls reported earlier memories than boys as did first born children.

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8
Q

What did Peterson find about memory in Italian boys?

A

The more involved parents were and the warmer the relationship, the earlier the reported first memories and the more positive memories.

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9
Q

What are the different types of observations?

A

Structured/unstructured, direct/indirect, ppt/non ppt, naturalistic/controlled, covert/overt

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10
Q

What are the strengths of observations?

A
  • Hypothesis generating
  • Useful when other methods are inappropriate
  • Easily used with young children
  • Researcher defines and chooses target behaviours
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11
Q

What are the limitations of observations?

A

Expensive
Many events may occur at once
Observer influence
Uncontrolled
Time-consuming

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12
Q

What did Talwar and Lee discover about lying behaviour in children?

A

Compared the lie telling bhvr of 3 and 4 year old children in a natural experiment, either from a strict or non strict school. They found a much higher % of children from the punitive schools lied and were better able to maintain their deception in follow up questions. suggests that punitive enviros foster increased dishonesty.

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13
Q

What are psychometric assessments? Give an example

A

A cognitive assessment e.g. IQ test or WISC-V- measures vocab and verbal reasoning.

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14
Q

What are the challenges with conducting imaging studies with children?

A
  • Can be invasive
  • Testing procedure can be challenging e.g. noisy
  • The brain develops rapidly in infancy
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15
Q

What are the strengths and limitations of a cross-sectional design?

A

S: We can compare differences between age groups, it uses a between participants design
L: cannot test change over time

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16
Q

What is a microgentic design?

A

Allows for the collection of detailed data on developmental change, involving detailed observations over a short period but practice effects are a concern

17
Q

What is an accelerated cohort design?

A

A longitudinal design that allows for growth trajectory over a larger age range over time e.g. can be used to predict parenting behaviours based on own childhood experience