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MICRO Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple UTI

A

Triple Sulfas or TMP-SMX

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2
Q

Chlamydiae (2)

A
    • Azithromycin

- Doxycycline

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3
Q

PID

A

Best initial therapy

2nd Gen Cephalosporin (Cefoxitin or Cefotetan) + Doxycycline

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4
Q

Otitis Media

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Syphilis (2)

A
    • Penicillin G

- Doxycycline (if allergic to Penicillin)

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6
Q

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

(3: Outpatient, Inpatient, ICU)?

A
  • Outpatient -> Ceftriaxone + Macrolide
  • Inpatient -> Fluoroquinolone
  • ICU -> b-Lactam + Azythromycin OR Fluoroquinolone

Overall best therapy = Fluoroquinolones

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7
Q

Atypical Pneumonias (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma)

A

Macrolides

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8
Q

Anaerobic infections in Aspiration Pneumonia / Lung Abscesses

A

Clindamycin

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9
Q

Bowel Surgery

A

Neomycin

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9
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia

A

TMP / SMX

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10
Q

Minor MRSA Infections of Skin (4)

A
  • TMP / SMX
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
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11
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Tetracyclines

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13
Q

CHRONIC Lyme Disease

ie Brain + Heart involvement

A

Ceftriaxone

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14
Q

Actinomyces infection

A

Penicillin

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15
Q

M Tuberculosis

Prophylaxis, Treatment (4: “RIPE”)?

A

P = Isoniazid

T:

  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol
  • Pyra
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15
Q

M avium intracellulare

Prophylaxis (2), Treatment (2)?

A

P:

  • Macrolide (Azithro- or Clarithromycin)
  • Cipro or Rifabutin

T: More drug-resistant than M tuberculosis

  • Macrolide (Azithro- or Clarithromycin)
  • Ethambutol
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16
Q

M leprae- TUBERCULOID form

Treatment (2)?

A

T: Long-term

  • Dapsone
  • Rifampin
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17
Q

M leprae- LEPROMATOUS form

Treatment (Tuberculoid RX + 1)?

A

Tuberculoid RX + Clofazimine

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18
Q

Rickettsial / Vector-borne Dz

ie Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Typhus, Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis, Q fever

A

Doxycycline

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19
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (3 options)

A
  • Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin Empiric RX = Best initial
  • Ampicillin (if Listeria)
  • Chloramphenicol
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20
Q

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPHYLAXIS

Prevention of…

  • Endocarditis with dental / surgical procedures -> ?
  • Strep Throat in child with prior Rheumatic Fever -> ?
  • Syphilis -> ?
  • Group B Strep infection in pregnant woman -> ?
  • Post-Op infection with S aureus -> ?
  • Gonorrhea -> ?
  • Recurrent UTIs -> ?
  • Meningococcal infection -> (Adult vs Child)?
  • Chlamydial / Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in newborn -> ?
A
  • Penicillin
  • Penicillin (Oral)
  • Benzathine Penicillin G
  • Ampicillin
  • Cefazolin
  • Ceftriaxone
  • TMP-SMX
  • Ciprofloxacin (Adult) / Rifampin (Child)
  • Erythromycin ointment
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21
Q

PROPHYLAXIS for CONTACTS of children with H influenzae B

A

Rifamycins (Rifampin + Rifabutin)

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22
Q

‘Triple Therapy’ against H Pylori

A
  • Amoxicillin or Tetracycline
  • Bismuth
  • Metronidazole
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23
Q

Penicillin + Aminopenicillins

Uses (3)?

A

USES: Best initial therapy

  • Otitis Media
  • Dental infection / Endocarditis prophylaxis
  • UTI (pregnant women)
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24
Penicillin (G, VK, Benzathine) Bacteria Covered (2 Groups)?
- Strep: S pyogenes + S viridans | - Spirochetes: Borrelia (Lyme) + Leptospira + Treponema (Syphilis)
25
Aminopenicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin) Bacteria Covered (2), Indication?
- (same bacteria as Penicillin) - E coli INDICATION: - Combine with b-lactamase Inhibitor
26
Amoxicillin Bacteria Covered (5: "HELPS")?
- H influenzae - E coli - Listeria - Proteus - Salmonella
27
Antipseudomonals (-cillin) Bacteria Covered (3), Uses (5), Indication?
- E coli - Proteus - Pseudomonas USES: *Best initial therapy* - Bacteremia - Neutropenia + Fever - Pneumonia (Hospital + Ventilator) - Pyelonephritis - Ascending Cholangitis + Cholecystitis INDICATION: - Combine with b-lactamase Inhibitor
28
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (Nafcillin + -xacillins) Bacteria Covered, Uses (6)?
- Staph USES: 6 Staph path: - Staph Bacteremia - Skin infections - Meningitis - Endocarditis - Osteomyelitis - Septic Arthritis
29
b-Lactamase Inhibitors Bacteria Covered (2 Groups), Indication, Mech, Drugs in Class (3), Use?
- b-lactamase-sensitive Staph - Anaerobes INDICATION: - Coadmin with b-lactamase / penicillinase-sensitive penicillins MECH = Protect antibiotic from destruction by b-lactamase. DRUGS: - Clavulanic Acid - Sulbactam - Tazobactam USE: *Best initial therapy* - Abscesses (mouth + GI)
29
2nd Gen Cephalosporins (incl Cefprozil + Loracarbef)
Resp infections (ie Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Bronchitis)
30
Ceftriaxone Bacteria Covered, Uses (4), CI?
- Pneumococcus *1st line* USES: - Lyme Dz (involving Brain or Heart) - Meningitis - Pneumonia (Community) - Gonorrhea CI: - Neonates (due to impaired biliary metab. Use Cefotaxime)
32
Cefotaxime Uses (2)?
USES: - Neonates - Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
33
Carbapenems Bacteria Covered (2 LARGE Groups), Uses?
- Gram+ cocci (Staph + Strep) - Gram- bacilli USES: - Neutropenia + Fever
34
Aminoglycosides Indication?
INDICATION: | - Must monitor peak and trough to see what levels of drug are doing in body
34
Neomycin
Bowel Surgery
35
Trimethoprim (TMP) (3)?
- UTIs (TMP-SMX) - Salmonella + Shigella infections - Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
36
Demeclocycline (a Tetracycline)
SIADH (ADH Antagonist = Diuretic)
37
Fluoroquinolones (3) Indication? *Acidic drugs*
- Gram- bacilli of GI + urinary tracts (incl pseudomonas) - Diverticulitis - Neisseria infections INDICATION: - For GI / Diverticulitis: EXCEPT Moxifloxacin, all must be combined with Metronidazole (b/c don't cover anaerobes)
38
Metronidazole (6 Organisms: "GET GAP")?
- Giardia - Entamoeba - Trichomonas - Gardnerella vaginalis - Anaerobes (anaerobic infections BELOW diaphragm) - H Pylori
39
Macrolides (-thromycin) (5)?
- Atypical Pneumonia (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma) - URIs - STDs - Strep infections in patients allergic to Penicillin - Neisseria infections
40
Chloramphenicol Indication?
Meningitis INDICATION: *Conservative use owing to toxicities*
41
Linezolid Uses (2), Tox?
USES: - MRSA infection - VRE infection TOX: - Serotonin Sx
42
Amphotericin B Uses (2), Indications?
USES: - Serious systemic mycoses (Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Mucor) - Cryptococcal + Fungal Meningitis INDICATIONS: - K + Mg supplementation (due to altered renal tubule permeability)
43
Systemic Mycoses (3)
- Amphotericin B - Flucytosine (in combo with Amphotericin B) - -azoles (for local infections)
44
Cryptococcal Meningitis (2)
- Amphotericin B | - Fluconazole (CM in AIDS patients because can cross BBB)
45
Fungal Meningitis
Amphotericin B
46
Candida infections (5)
- Topical -azole (Vaginal) - Fluconazole or Caspofungin (Oral or Esophageal) - Nystatin (Oral + Vaginal) - Amphotericin B - Caspofungin + Micafungin (Systemic)
47
Histoplasma infections
Itraconazole
48
Mucormycosis (Mucor / Rhizopus infection)
Amphotericin B
49
Aspergillus infections
Caspo- + Micafungin
50
Topical Fungal infections
Clotrimazole + Miconazole
51
Cutaneous Mycoses / Tineas (2)
- Topical Miconazole | - Selenium Sulfide ("Selsun")
52
Toxoplasmosis (2)
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
53
African Sleeping Sickness (2)
- Suramin (for bl-borne dz) - Melarsoprol (for CNS penetration) *** THINK: "It SURE is nice to sleep with MELAtonin". ***
54
Dermatophytoses (Dermatophytes = Ringworm and Tinea) (2)?
- Griseofulvin (esp superficial infections) - Terbinafine (esp onychomycosis) *Both lipid-soluble = can cross BBB*
55
Malaria EMPIRIC RX, 2 other options?
Chloroquine (blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase). (If resistant) - Mefloquine - Alovaquone / Proguanil
56
Life-Threatening Malaria Precaution?
Quinidine (IV) *** Test for G6PD Def ***
57
P vivax/ovale Malaria Precaution?
(Standard Regimen) + Primaquine *** Test for G6PD Def ***
59
Babesiosis (2)
Atovaquone + Azithromycin
60
Nematode / Roundworm Infections (4 General RX)
- Bendazoles - Pyrantel Pamoate - Ivermectin - Diethylcarbamazine (Loa Loa + Wuchereria ONLY)
61
Cestode / Tapeworm + Trematode / Fluke Infections
Praziquantel | Albendazole for Neurocysticercosis + Hyatid Casts in liver ONLY
62
Influenza A + B
Zana- + Oseltamivir (only if within 48 hrs of symptom onset)
63
RSV infection Prophylaxis, Treatment?
P = Palivizumab (ie P for high-risk infants) T = Ribavirin
64
Herpes Zoster infection
Famciclovir
65
HIV PROPHYLAXIS (2, depending on CD4 count)?
- CD4
66
CMV infection
Ganciclovir
67
... When Acyclovir + Ganciclovir FAIL ...
Cidofovir + Foscarnet
68
Ribavirin (2)
- RSV | - Chronic Hepatitis C

Drug Uses (18 decks)

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