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NEURO Flashcards

(53 cards)

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0
Q

Alzheimer’s

(4)?

  • ** THINK: You have to leave MEMOS when you have Alzheimer’s. ***
  • ** THINK: I’m DONE with the puzzle, I’m going to the GALA, I’m going to be a DIVA regardless of my STIGMA.***
A 
- Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist.  Prevents excitotoxicity mediated by Ca.)
(Achase inhibitor. ↑Ach.)
- Donepezil
- Galantamine
- Rivastigmine
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1
Q

Acute Migraine + Cluster Headache Attacks

Mech, Effects (3)?

A

Sumatriptan
(Can also give Inhaled Oxygen)

MECH = 5-HT agonist.

  • Inhibits Trigeminal nerve (CN 5) activation
  • Inhibits release of vasoactive peptide
  • Vasoconstriction
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2
Q

Anaesthesia

(3 categories of Anesthetics, incl 5 IV)?

A
  • Inhaled (-ane + NO)
  • IV:
    • Barbitruates (ie Thiopental):↓cerebral bl flow
    • Benzos (ie Midazolam)
    • Ketamine (PCP analog that blocks NMDA receptors.
      CV stimulant.):↑cerebral bl flow
    • Opiates (ie Morphine, Fentanyl)
    • Propofol
  • Local (-caine: Amides + Esters) ** Amides have 2 Is in names **
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3
Q

Anaesthesia: induction and short surgical procedures

(2)?

A
  • Profolol (Potentiates GABA. Less postop nausea.)
  • Thiopental (High lipid solubility = high potency = rapid entry into brain. Effect terminated by rapid distribution into tis.)
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4
Q

Inhaled Anesthetics (-ane + NO)

Effects (3)?

A
  • ↑cerebral blood flow (therefore↓cerebral metabolic demand)
  • Myocardial & Resp depression
  • Nausea / Emesis
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5
Q

Local Anaesthesia (-caine: Amides + Esters)

Mech, General Uses (2), Admin Indications (2)?

A

MECH = Na Channel BLOCKERS. Preferentially bind to ACTIVATED Na Channels, therefore most effective in rapidly-firing neurons

  • Minor surgical procedures
  • Spinal anaesthesia
  • (Except for Cocaine) Give with Vasoconstrictor (ie Epinephrine) to
    enhance local action:↑anaesthesia (↓systemic conc) & ↓bleeding.
  • If allergic to Esters, give Amides.
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6
Q

Bedwetting (Sleep Enuresis)

A

Desmopressin Acetate (DDAVP): mimics ADH

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7
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Gabapentin

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8
Q

Chronic Pain #1

First Line Drug, Mech (5)?

A

Amitriptyline (TCA)

  • Strongly Anticholinergic
  • Blocks a1
  • Blocks Catecholamine reuptake
  • Anti-Histamine
  • Slows AV nodal conduction
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8
Q

Chronic Pain #2

Patient with shooting / stabbing pain

Drug & Mech?

A

Carbamazepine. ** “Drive by shootings happen out of cars.” **

Blocks Na channels

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9
Q

Chronic Pain #3

Patient with heart problems

A

Gabapentin

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10
Q

Chronic Pain #4

Severe pain

Mech

A

aa

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11
Q

Chronic Pain #5

Mech (2)?

A

Tramadol

  • WEAK opioid agonist
  • Inhibitor of Serotonin & NE reuptake

** LESS resp depression than full agonist **

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12
Q

CV Stimulant

A

Ketamine

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13
Q

Class 1B Antiarrhythmic

A

Phenytoin

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15
Q

Cough Suppression

A

Dextromethorphan

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16
Q

Detoxification (esp from alcohol)

A

Benzos

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17
Q

Diarrhea

(2)?

A
  • Diphenoxylate

- Loperamide

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18
Q

Endoscopy (2)

A

Inhaled Anaesthetics + Benzos (Midazolam)

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19
Q

Essential / Familial Tremors

A

b-blocker (ie Propanolol)

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20
Q

Glaucoma #1

General Mech of Drugs (3 Subtypes)?

A

↓AQ HUMOR!!!
- ↓aq humor synthesis (thr vasoconstriction)
- ↓aq humor secretion (thr inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by
↓HCO3)
- ↑aq humor outflow (thr contraction of ciliary muscle &
opening of trabecular network)

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21
Q

Glaucoma #2

Drug Classes in each Mech Category (1, 2, 2)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ↓aq humor synthesis: a-agonists
  • ↓aq humor secretion: b-blockers + Acetazolamide
  • ↑aq humor outflow: Cholinomimetics + Latanoprost
22
Q

Glaucoma #3

a-agonists (2)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Epinephrine

- Brimonidine

23
Q

Glaucoma #4

b-blockers (3)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Timolol
  • Betaxolol
  • Carteolol
24
Glaucoma #5 Cholinomimetics (2 Direct, 2 Indirect)?
- Direct - Carbachol - Pilocarpine: *** use in emergencies *** - Indirect - Physostigmine - Ecothiophate
25
Huntington's General Mech of drugs (2 Subtypes, 2 drugs in 1st subtype)? (Huntington's = ↑Dopamine,↓Ach + GABA)
- Amine-Depleting: Reserpine + Tetrabenazine (inhibit VMAT => inhibit dopamine packaging + release) - Dopamine receptor Antagonist: Haloperidol
26
Malignant Hyperthermia + Neuroleptic Malignant Sx
Dantrolene
27
Mechanical Ventilation
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs: Depolarizing (Succinylcholine) + Nondepolarizing (Tubocurarine, -curium, -curonium) (Selective for motor nicotinic receptors)
28
Migraines Prophlaxis (2), Abortive Therapy?
- Prophylaxis -> Propanolol, Topiramate | - Abortive -> -triptans
29
Muscle Paralysis in Surgery
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs: Depolarizing + Nondepolarizing
30
MS (3)
- Baclofen (GABA receptor agonist = GABA-ergic effects) - b-Interferon - Natalizumab
31
Opiate effect + block of Catecholamine reuptake, GI pain, Gallstones (doesn't mess with CCK), Abused by physicians (no pinpoint pupils)?
Meperidine
32
Parkinson's #1 General Mech of drugs (2 Subtypes, 3 Categories in 1st subtype)?
- Dopamine "Increasers" - ↑Dopamine - Dopamine Agonists - ↓Dopamine b/d - Cholinergic "Curbers" (curb excess cholinergic activity)
33
Parkinson's #2 Dopamine Agonists (1 ergot + 2 non-ergots)?
- Ergot: Bromocriptine | - Non-Ergot (***preferred***): Pramipexole + Ropinirole
34
Parkinson's #3 Dopamine "Increasers" (2)?
- Amantadine | - L-dopa (converted to dopamine in CNS) + Carbidopa
35
Parkinson's #4? Dopamine B/D "Reducers" (2 Classes, 2 drugs in 2nd class)?
- Selective MAO Type B Inhibitor: Selegiline - COMT Inhibitors (-capone) (prevent L-dopa degradation): Entacapone + Tolcapone
36
Parkinson's #5 Cholinergic "Curbers"
Benztropine *Improves rigidity + tremor but little effect on bradykinesia*
37
Peripheral Neuropathy
Gabapentin
38
Seizures #1: Partial Seizures 1st Line?
Carbamazepine
39
Seizures #2: Generalized Seizures * "The General goes to the VA to live." * 1st, 2nd, 3rd Lines?
- 1st line = Valproic Acid - 2nd line = Topiramate - 3rd line = Lamotrigine
40
Seizures #3: Tonic-Clonic Seizures 1st Line (3)?
- Phenytoin - Carbamazepine - Valproic Acid
41
Seizures #4: Absence Seizures 1st, 2nd Lines (2)?
- 1st line = Ethosuximide | - 2nd lines = Lamotrigine + Valproic Acid
42
Seizures #5: Status Epilepticus 1st Line for Acute, 1st Line for Prophylaxis?
- 1st line for acute = Benzos (Diazepam + Lorazepam) | - 1st line for prophylaxis = Phenytoin
43
Seizures #6 1st Line in children?
Phenobarbital
44
Seizures #7: Seizures of Eclampsia 1st Line, 2nd Line?
- 1st line = MgSO4 | - 2nd line = Benzos
45
Seizures #8: Myoclonic Seizures
Valproic Acid
46
Seizures #9 General Mech of Drugs (3)?
- Na channel inactivation / blockage - Ca channel inhib / blockage - ↑GABA (GABA analog,↑GABA conc / action, inhib GABA transaminase, inhib GABA reuptake)
47
Seizures #10 Na Channel "Inactivators / Blockers" (5)
- Phenytoin - Carbamazepine - Lamotrigine - Topiramate - Valproic Acid
48
Seizures #11 GABA "Increasers" (7: 5 + 2) (↑GABA conc / action OR↓GABA breakdown / reuptake)
- Gabapentin (GABA analog) - Topiramate - Phenobarbital - Valproic Acid - Benzos - Tigabine - Vigabatrin
49
Sleepwalking + Night Terrors
Benzos
50
Spasticity
Benzos
51
ISCHEMIC Stroke Indications (2)?
tPA INDICATIONS: * If NO hem * If within 3 - 4.5 hrs of onset
52
Trigeminal Neuralgia 1st Line?
Carbamazepine

Drug Uses (18 decks)

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