micro 6 Flashcards by tamara kamal

opportunistic mycoses target immunocomprimised, what are the main types

aspergillosis
mucoromycosis
talaromycosis
pneumocystosis

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important species of aspergillosis

a. fumigatus

a. flavus

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the clinical presentation of aspergillosis depends on immune system , what are the types

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 
Aspergillosis bronchitis 
aspergilloma 
invasive aspergillosis 
semi invasive aspergillosis

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explain allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

complex HS rxn seen in asthma patients
early type 1 IgE (mucus and bronchospasm)
late type 3 igG (bronchial wall damage and bronchiectasis)

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explain aspergillus bronchitis

fungal growth in diseased lung (symptoms of underlying cause)

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explain aspergilloma

growth in pre exist lung cavity forming a fungus ball ( fungus, mucus and inflammatory cells) , its asymp but maybe hemoptysis

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explain invasive aspergillosis

affect severly immunocomprimised

endobronchial fungal growth and BV invasion causing thrombosis and lung infarction (angioinvasive)

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semi invasive aspergillosis explain it

similar to invasive but less immunocomprimised

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culturing aspergillosis is easy and may represent colonization or decontamination but positive results should be interpreted based on

type of sample
clinical info
histopathological pic of tissue
radiological pic

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antigen detection of aspergillosis what tests

galactomannan and beta-D-glucan

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treatment of ABPA

oral corticosteriod and in refractory fases omalizumab (against igE)

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Aspergilloma treatment

intracavity administration of amphotericin B and bronchail artery embolization

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invasive aspergillosis treatement

voriconazole is first line or amphotericin B

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what fungus can cause mucormycosis

mucor
rhizomucor
rhizopus

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risk factors of mucoromycosis

immunosuppression (hematological malignancy and post transplant )
diabetes and IV drug abuse

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three main clinical presentation of mucormycosis

rhinocerebral
pulmonary
cutaneous

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rhinocerebral mucormycosis is most common presentation in who

IV drug abuser and DM

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pulmonary mucormycosis is most common presentation in who

hematology patient

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what mucormycosis mimics invasive aspergillosis

pulmonary

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what mucormycosis has an acute invasive infection in orbit , meningis…

rhinocerebral

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treatment of mucormycosis

DOC amphotericin B and surgical debridement

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talaromycosis caused by

talaromyces marneffei

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patient that has talaromycosis present with

fever, weight loss, hepatospleenemagly and LAP

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What can talaromycosis do to lung and face and skin

lung ; cavitation (hemoptysis)

face and skin ; papulonodular skin lesion

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talaromycosis and pneumocystosis diagnosed by

microscopic examination

culture of talaromycosis shows

dimorphism

mild talaromycosis treated with

itraconazole

severe talaromycosis treated with

amphotericin B

pneumocystosis caused by

pneumocystis jirovecii

what two infections where classically associated with AIDS

talaromycosis and pneumocystosis

what is the life cycle in pneumocystosis

asexual and sexual

hallmark of pneumocystosis infection

interstitial pneumpnitis (pneumocystis pneumnitis / PCP)

Radiologically lungs in pneumocystosis show

perihilar ground glass appearance

first line to treat pneumocystosis/ PCP

co-trimoxazole

thermally dimorphic systemic fungal pathogens means

mold at 25-30 | yeast at 37

no evidence of human to human transmission in systemic fungal pathogens

true

main types of systemic mycoses

blastomycosis histoplasmosis coccidomycosis paracoccidomycosis

blastomycosis caused by

blastomyces dermatidis

ecological niche of blastomycosis

decaying organic matter

infection of blastomycosis due to

inhalation of conida

who is more susceptible to blastomycosis than humans

dogs

blastomycosis can cause

pulmonary blastomycosis and extrapulmonary blastomycosis

pulmonary blastomycosis is

asymp or mild flu like

extrapulmonary blastomycosis mainly affects

skin (due to hematogenous spread from lung )

blastomycosis diagnosed through

microscopy shows double contoured broad based budding yeast

is mold form diagnostic in blastomycosis

mild or moderate blastomycosis treated with

itraconazole

severe blastomycosis treated with

amophotericin B

What causes histoplasmosis

histoplasma capsulatum

ecological niche of histoplasmosis

soil with high nitrogen bird and bat dropping

what two forms of histoplasmosis

american / classical | african

classical histoplasmosis can be pulmonary or disseminated

true

classical histoplasmosis pulmonary causes what

mediastinal fibrosis if chronic

african histoplasmosis affects

skin and bone

microscopy of histoplasmosis shows

narrow based budding yeast

treatment of histoplasmosis

mild and moderate : itraconazole severe : amphotericin B (LIKE BLASTOMYCOSIS)

Inhalation of conida of histoplasmosis is phagocytosed by pulmonary macrophage and neutrophils where they germinate to yeast

true

what causes coccidioides

coccidioides immitis

where is coccidioides fungus found

soil its growth enhanced by rodent and bat dropping

coccidioides present in what 2 forms

primary and secondary

when does secondary coccidioides happen

sympromatic for 6 weeks or longer

microscopy of coccidioides shows

endosporulating spherules

culture of coccidioides shows

barrel shaped arthroconida in mold form

paracoccidioides caused by

paarcoccidioides brasilienses

after inhalation of paracoccidioides fungus the majority will be asymp or symp

asymp (95%)

what are the 2 clinical courses of paracoccidioides

acute/ subacute and chronic

acute/ subacute paracoccidioides happens in what age group and what organ it affects

``` children and below 30 not pulmonary (LAP and HSM) ```

chronic paracoccidioides happens why and where

reactivation of primary | pulmonary

microscopy of paracoccidioides

yeast pilot wheel

is mold yielded by culture diagnostic for paracoccidioides

paragonimiasis caused by

paragonimus westermanii (trematode)

life cycle of paragonimus

1. released in sputum or stool and eggs hatch to miracidia 2. miracidia infect snail and form cercaria 3. cercaria released into water and infect crustacens where they become metacercarciae 4. when ingested metacercariae would excyst into stomach to reach lung where it resides

what is the 1st and 2nd intermediate host for paragonimus

1st is snail | 2nd crustacean

paragonimus diagnosed through

operculated eggs visualizing

paragonimus treated with

praziquantel and triclabendazole

clinical feature of paragonimus due to

larval migration (high eosinophilia) residence of adult worm in lung ectopic residence of adult worm

cause of cerebral paragonmiassis

ectopic residence of adult worm in CNS

micro 6 Flashcards

(77 cards)