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Micro biology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Upper RS infections include

A

Pharyngitis
sinusitis
tonsilitis
otitis media

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2
Q

middle RS infection include

A 
epiglottitis 
laryngitis 
tracheitis 
bronchitis 
bronchiolitis 
croup / laryngotracheobronchitis
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3
Q

lower RS infection include

A

infection in lung parenchyma / pneumonia

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4
Q

rhinitis caused by , minor feature and what season is it common in

A

viral (rhinovirus then coronavirus )
minor feature is fever
humid szn

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5
Q

rhinitis typically present as

A

common cold

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6
Q

sinusitis caused by

A

viral but in odontogenic infections and immunocompromised fungal and bacterial infecs(H. inflenza , s. pneumonia and M . catarrhalis)

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7
Q

purulent discharge feature of sinusitis

A

true

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8
Q

sinusitis divided into

A

acute (recurrent)

chronic

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9
Q

pharyngitis mainly caused by

A

viral

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10
Q

what are you supposed to do when you discover a case of pharyngitis

A

rule out s. pyogenes due to sequelae (RF and GN)

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11
Q

Viral pharyngitis common in

A

4-7 years

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12
Q

what is otitis media

A

inflammation of mucosa in middle ear periosteum

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13
Q

otitis media mainly caused by

A

H. inflenza , s. pneumonia and M . catarrhalis

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14
Q

chronic cases caused by and its symp.

A

p.aeuriginsoa, enterobacterales and anaerobe

ear discharge and hearing loss

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15
Q

what is laryngitis and its symptoms

A

inflammation in laryngeal mucosa

voice hoarseness and stridor

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16
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis mucosal inflammation extending below ?

A

glottis

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17
Q

croup most common in what age group and caused by

A

1-2 yrs
parainfluenza 1,2 ,3
rhinovirus and adenovirus
Influenza and RSV

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18
Q

Clinically Croup

A

barking cough and stridor and hoarseness

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19
Q

differentiate croup from

A

Foreign body and acute epiglottitis

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20
Q

tracheitis part of viral disease of larynx and larynx usually

A

true

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21
Q

most cases of tracheitis associated with

A

s. aureus

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22
Q

treacheitis affects children at larger age group than croup

A

true

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23
Q

tracheitis has similar presentation to croup but …..

A

higher temp and thick purulent secretion

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24
Q

bronchitis types and causes

A

acute viral or atypical bacterial

chronic ; non infec, like smoking and pollution

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25
acute excerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by
h. inflenza , s. pneumonia and M . catarrhalis)
26
bronchiolitis busually caused by
RSV
27
RSV bronchiolitis peaks in
winter
28
age group of bronchiolitis
2-10 mths
29
bronchiolitis clinical
history of URT infec with mild fever then 2-3 days symp of lower RT (cough , breathlessness and wheeze)
30
differential diagnosis of bronchiolitis
asthma or foreign body
31
pleuritic chest pain due to
pneumonia
32
picornaviridie member
rhinovirus
33
pneumoviridie members
RSV and hMPV
34
orthomyxoviridie member
influenza
35
paramyxoviridie member
parainfluenza
36
what viruses has negative sense ssRNA
orthomyxovirdae and paramyxovirdae and pneumovirdae
37
what viruses has positive sense ssRNA
coronaviradae and picornavirdae
38
what viruses has linear dsdna
adenovirdae
39
what virus has genome segmented into 7-8
orthomyxovirdae
40
what viruses dont have an envelope
adenovirus and picornavirdae
41
what is the major cause of rhinitis / common cold in all age groups
rhinovirus
42
rhinitis mostly in what seasons
spring and autumn
43
is there antiviral therapy or vaccine against rhinovirus
no
44
coronavirdae divided into how many groups
alpha beta gamma delta
45
what and how many coronaviruses implicated in global pandemics
3 beta
46
major ultrastructural feature of SARS COV 2 and what it does
s protein (spike) and it bind to ACE 2 on pneumocyte 1
47
mutations in SARS COV 2 genome leads to what
appearance of VOC
48
can presymp. transmission occur in covid 19
yes 2 days before symptoms
49
immunocomp patient that tested positive and has non severe infection for how long will they transmit the virus
after 10 days of onset of illness they stop
50
incubation period of covid 19 and the average period
14 days | 4-5 days
51
SARS COV 2 passes through how many stages and each lasting adeh
3 | 5-7 days
52
stage I / mild of SARS COV 2 imp things
taste and smell disturbances URT involevement no dyspnea normal chest xray
53
stage II / moderate of SARS COV 2 imp things
radiological changes and dyspnea | two types IIA without hypoxia and IIB with hypoxia
54
stage III/ severe of SARS COV 2 imp things
systemic hyperinflamation | elevation in IL-2 IL-6 IL-7 G-CSF TNFA CRP
55
Treatment of mild cases of SARS COV 2
Symptomatic as outpatient like antipyretic or analgesic
56
Treatment of ppl at risk of SARS COV 2
antiviral; molnupiravir | monoclonal ab ; casirimivab imdevimab
57
Treatment of severe cases of SARS COV
``` antiviral; remedesivir supportive therapy monoclonal ab in oxygen req :dexamethasone / glucocorticoid jak pathway inhib (barecitinib) il-6 pathway inhib (tocilizumab) ```
58
vaccines of sars cov 2
viral vector ; johnson and johnson , sputnik and astrazeneca mrna : pfizer and moderna inactivated ; sinopharm
59
influenza virus A affects and severity
wide host range and cause severe disease that leads to pandemics
60
influenza virus B affects and severity
humans only rare epidemics
61
influenza virus C affects and severity
humans and swine | little epidemic potential
62
virion of influenza A B C
A and B 8 seg | C 7 seg
63
glycoproteins on influenza envelope
HA (hemagglutinin ) for viral entry | NA ( neuraminadase) for viral release
64
what serotype of influenza has no NA
C
65
where does influenza virus replicate
in nucleus
66
how does influenza virus change its antigenic makeup
antigenic drift ; cumulative mutation during replication | antigenic shift ; reassortment of gene segments when different viral strains infect the same host cell (co infec)
67
where is antigenic shift only seen
influenza type A
68
what is influenza
a clinical syndrome caused by influenza A and b to respiratory tract
69
according to outbreak pattern divide influenza
seasonal / epidemic usually in winter | pandemic
70
acute influenza symptoms in adult and child
adult ; after incubation period prodrome malaise nd headache for few hours then classical flu children ; middle and lower RS involvement and GI symptoms with higher fever
71
incubation period of influenza
1-4 days
72
uncomplicated flu resolves in
7-10 days
73
influenza more sever in child or adult
child
74
lab diagnosis (RT PCR) for influenza diagnosis used for
high risk population or hospitalized
75
cell culture for influenza for
epidemiological purposes
76
flu primarily treated by
supportive (NSAID , decongestion and hydration)
77
antiviral therapy for flu
oseltamivir and zanamivir are NA inhib against A nd B | amantidine and rimantidine prevent uncoating ONLY FOR A
78
available flu formulation for influenza
injectable inactivated and intranasal live attenuated
79
how many parainfluenza serotypes pathognemic to humans
4
80
infection of parainfluenza 1 and 2 during what season and 3
1 and 2 autumn | 3 all year
81
is there any medications of vaccines for parainfluenza and rhinovirus
no
82
what virus causes diseases that the severity decrease with age
RSV | febrile rhinitis and pneumonia below 1 and cold symptoms in older
83
What virus cause bronchiolitis and pneumona below 1 year
RSV
84
RSV most common during what season
winter
85
severe case of RSV treated by
guanosine analogue ( ribavirin)
86
can RSV prevented in high risk infants
yes by anti RSV MAB
87
pharyngoconjuctival fever caused by what serotypes of adeno
3 and 7
88
pertussis like caused by what serotypes of adeno
3 and 19
89
pneumonia caused by what serotypes of adeno
3 and 7 a and 7 b and 14
90
outbreaks in military recruits caused by what serotypes of adeno
4
91
what is used to treat adenovirus
cidofovir to treat adenoviral pneumona in immunocomprimised
92
vaccines against adeno serotypes where are they found
military camps

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