Micro

Question 1

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

First person to build and use a microscope

Question 2

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 2

Taxonomy and nomenclatures

Question 3

Joseph Lister

Answer 3

Antiseptics

Hand washing

Question 4

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 4

Made connection between puerperal fever and examinations to delivery women

Question 5

Alexander Fleming

Answer 5

Antibiotics

Discovered Penicillin

Question 6

What are Koch’s postulates?

Answer 6

Causative agent found
Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
When agent is introduced into a healthy host, the host must get the disease
The same agent must be re-isolated from experimental host

Question 7

Germ theory of disease

Answer 7

Pasteur

Microorganisms could be the cause of disease

Question 8

Monosaccharides

Answer 8

Sugars that can not be hydrolyzed

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

2 monosaccharides

Question 10

Polysaccharide

Answer 10

Several monosaccharides grouped together

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Monosaccharides 1
Disaccharides 2
Polysaccharides 3+

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Question 13

Triglycerides

Answer 13

Three fatty acid groups

Natural fats and oils

Question 14

Phospholipids

Answer 14

Class of lipids who are hydrophobic

Question 15

DNA structure and sugars

Answer 15

1 Phosphate
1 Sugar
1 Nitrogen base

Question 16

RNA structure and sugars

Answer 16

Consist of 4 nitrogenous bases

Question 17

Gram stain procedure

Answer 17

Application of a primary stain - Cresyl violet (Blue)
Depolarization - Cell wall (Positive or negative charge)
Counterstain - Safranin (Pink)

Question 18

Gram positive

Answer 18

Blue/Purple
Skin
Mucus membranes
Thick Peptidoglycan ()

Question 19

Gram negative

Answer 19

Red/Pink
Gastrointestinal track
Urogenital Track
Thin peptidoglycan layer (Doesn’t hold pink primary stain)

Question 20

Atypical Bacteria

Answer 20

Does not respond to primary stain nor counterstain
Do not show color
Due to lack of cell wall

Question 21

Anabolism

Answer 21

Taking small molecules and building them up and creating larger molecules
Requires ATP

Question 22

Catabolism

Answer 22

Taking larger molecules and break them apart

All this with the purpose of releasing energy in the for of ATP

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Very specific
Lock and key fashion
Decrease the activate energy needed for the reaction
Therefore speeding the reaction 
Re-usable

Question 24

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 24

Compete for the same binding (ACTIVE) site

Question 25

Non-competitive

Answer 25

Binds to another side other than the ACTIVE site

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

Adenine triphosphate

Question 27

ADP

Answer 27

ATP after they’ve lost the phosphate

Question 28

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 28

A phosphate is transferred from some molecule to ADP to create ATP

Question 29

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 29

Phosphate is added to ADP through series of REDOX reactions | Occurring during a respiratory pathway

Question 30

Photophosphorylation

Answer 30

Phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP | All this using energy from the sun

Question 31

What are the five I’s

Answer 31

``` Inoculation Incubation Isolation Inspection Identification ```

Question 32

Types of Helminths

Answer 32

Roundworms Pinworms Tapeworms

Question 33

Pathogen

Answer 33

``` Any agent that causes disease Virus Bacteria Fungus Parasite ```

Question 34

Glycolysis

Answer 34

Break down of sugars Takes place in the cytoplasm Does not require oxygen

Question 35

Similarities between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Answer 35

Posses genetic information Presence of ribosomes Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

Question 36

Parasites

Answer 36

Harbored and nourished by the host | Always harmful to the host

Question 37

Biofilm Infections

Answer 37

``` Attach to the surface Cemented by sugars secreted by the bacteria Very difficult to dislodge Ear, prostate, and lung infections Heart valves and artificial joints ```

Question 38

Ferdinand Cohn

Answer 38

``` Classification of bacteria Spherical Rods Threads Spirals ```

Question 39

Robert Koch

Answer 39

Postulates for culturing Isolated anthrax Develop staining methods

Question 40

What are the nitrogenous bases called purines?

Answer 40

Adenine | Guanine

Question 41

What are the nitrogenous bases called pyrimidines?

Answer 41

Thymine | Cytosine

Question 42

How do the nitrogenous bases pair up?

Answer 42

Adenine with Thymine | Guanine with Cytosine

Question 43

Features of eukaryotic cells

Answer 43

``` Cytoplasmic membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton ```

Question 44

External parts of the Eukaryotic cell

Answer 44

``` Flagella Cilia Capsules Slime Glycocalix ```

Question 45

Boundary parts of the cell

Answer 45

Cell wall | Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 46

Internal parts of the Eukaryotic cell

Answer 46

``` Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Ribosomes Cytoskeleton ```

Question 47

What constitutes the nucleus?

Answer 47

Nuclear envelope Nucleus Chromosomes

Question 48

What are the organelles?

Answer 48

Endoplasmic reticulum - Ribosomes Golgi apparatus - Lysosomes Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Question 49

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 49

Microtubules Intermediate filaments Actin filaments

Question 50

What is meiosis?

Answer 50

Production of gametes

Question 51

What do chloroplast do?

Answer 51

They convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Question 52

Asexual reproduction

Answer 52

Budding