Micro Chapter 1

Question 1

Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus and without compartmentalization are called
	A)	Prokaryotes
	B)	Eukaryotes
	C)	Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
	D)	Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called
	A)	Prokaryotes
	B)	Eukaryotes
	C)	Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
	D)	Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following scientific advances influenced microbial classification?
A) Use of electron microscopy to study detailed structures of microbial cells
B) Determination of the biochemical and physiological characteristics of many microbes
C) Sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins from a wide variety of microbes
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Comparison of ribosomal RNA from a variety of microorganisms led to which of the following classification schemes?
	A)	Two-domain
	B)	Three-domain
	C)	Three-kingdom
	D)	Five-kingdom

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which of the following characteristics best describe the bacteria?
A) Usually live in extreme environments
B) Most exhibit unusual metabolic characteristics
C) Cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan
D) Plasma membrane is composed of unique lipids

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics best describe the Archaea?
A) Usually live in extreme environments
B) Exhibit unusual metabolic characteristics
C) Plasma membrane is composed of unique lipids
D) All of the above

Answer 6

D

Question 7

The Domain Eukarya includes which of the following microorganisms?
	A)	Bacteria
	B)	Archaea
	C)	Protists
	D)	All of the above

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Which of the following is a major type of protist?
	A)	Algae
	B)	Protozoa
	C)	Slime and water molds
	D)	All of the above

Answer 8

D

Question 9

A diverse group of microorganisms that are multicellular, form hyphae, and absorb nutrients from the environment are called
	A)	Algae
	B)	Protozoa
	C)	Fungi
	D)	Water and slime molds

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Viruses require
	A)	Water for reproduction
	B)	Host cells to replicate
	C)	Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
	D)	None of the above

Answer 10

B

Question 11

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are infectious proteins that cause spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie and "mad cow disease."
	A)	Viruses
	B)	Viroids
	C)	Virusoids
	D)	Prions

Answer 11

D

Question 12

n the scientific method, an educated guess used to explain observations is called
	A)	An experiment
	B)	A hypothesis
	C)	A theory
	D)	A law

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Microbiologists consider which of the following to be an important attribute of life?
	A)	Movement
	B)	Reproduction
	C)	Pathogenicity
	D)	Ability to form a biofilm

Answer 13

B

Question 14

The first self-replicating molecule on the primitive Earth was most likely
	A)	DNA
	B)	RNA
	C)	Protein
	D)	None of the above

Answer 14

B

Question 15

RNA was most likely the first self-replicating molecule because
A) It can catalyze chemical reactions
B) It can regulate gene expression
C) ATP, the energy currency of the cell, is composed of a ribonucleotide
D) All of the above

Answer 15

D

Question 16

The universal phylogenetic tree is constructed from comparisons of which of the following molecules among diverse organisms?
	A)	SSU rRNA
	B)	Proteins
	C)	Metabolic pathways
	D)	None of the above

Answer 16

A

Question 17

According to the universal phylogenetic tree,
A) The bacteria and the Archaea are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the Eukarya
B) The Eukarya and the Archaea are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the bacteria
C) The bacteria and the Eukarya are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the Archaea
D) The bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya diverged from a single common ancestor

Answer 17

B

Question 18

The origin of eukaryotic organelles is best described by
A) The theory of evolution by natural selection
B) The endosymbiotic hypothesis
C) Horizontal gene transfer
D) None of the above

Answer 18

B

Question 19

The hydrogen hypothesis describes the evolution of which eukaryotic organelle?
	A)	Nucleus
	B)	Chloroplast
	C)	Mitochondria
	D)	All of the above

Answer 19

C

Question 20

A major source of genetic diversity in bacteria is
	A)	Sexual reproduction
	B)	Asexual reproduction
	C)	Horizontal gene transfer
	D)	All of the above

Answer 20

C

Question 21

The traditional biological species concept applied to some eukaryotes is not valid for bacteria because
A) Bacteria reproduce asexually
B) Bacteria have unique metabolic characteristics
C) Bacteria are microscopic
D) All of the above

Answer 21

A

Question 22

A collection of bacterial or Archaeal strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains are known as
	A)	Subgroups
	B)	Species
	C)	Domains
	D)	Phyla

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which of the following are important methods to microbiologists?
	A)	Microscopy
	B)	Culture techniques
	C)	Genomic analysis
	D)	All of the above

Answer 23

D

Question 24

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ constructed simple microscopes, observed bacteria and protists, and reported his findings to the Royal Society of London.
	A)	Francesco Stelluti
	B)	Robert Hooke
	C)	Antony van Leeuwenhoek
	D)	Galileo

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Which of the following observations by Francesco Redi refutes the idea of spontaneous generation? A) Flies laid eggs on uncovered meat and maggots developed B) Covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously C) Maggots and flies are usually associated with meat D) All of the above

Answer 25

B

Question 26

``` Which of the following scientists contributed to disproving spontaneous generation? A) Francesco Redi B) John Needham C) Lazzaro Spallanzani D) All of the above ```

Answer 26

D

Question 27

``` Which scientist linked silkworm disease with a fungus? A) Louis Pasteur B) Agostino Bassi C) Robert Koch D) John Tyndall ```

Answer 27

B

Question 28

``` The processes of heating liquids to destroy undesirable microbes is called A) Sanitation B) Sterilization C) Fermentation D) Pasteurization ```

Answer 28

D

Question 29

``` _______________ first used phenol in surgery to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds. A) Louis Pasteur B) Robert Koch C) Joseph Lister D) Lazzaro Spallanzani ```

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which of the following examples best illustrates Koch's postulates? A) The microorganism is present in some healthy organisms and some diseased organisms B) The suspected organisms are isolated and grown in pure culture C) A different disease resulted when the isolated microorganism was inoculated into a healthy host D) Isolation of the same microorganism from the diseased host was not possible

Answer 30

B

Question 31

Agar is an ideal solidifying agent for growing bacteria because A) It is not broken down by most bacteria B) It is in liquid form at 100 degrees Celsius C) It is in a solid form at 50 degrees Celsius D) All of the above

Answer 31

D

Question 32

``` The first scientists to knowingly use attenuated bacteria in vaccination were A) Pasteur and Roux B) Jenner and Lister C) Redi and Spallanzani D) None of the above ```

Answer 32

A

Question 33

A major discovery in the field of immunology was A) Injection with attenuated microorganisms provided immunity B) Discovery of antibodies C) Discovery of immune system cells D) All of the above

Answer 33

D

Question 34

``` The discovery that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia to obtain energy was made by A) Sergei Winogradsky B) Louis Pasteur C) Martinus Beijernck D) Robert Koch ```

Answer 34

A

Question 35

``` All the genetic information that an organism contains is called its A) Chromosome B) Amino acid C) Genome D) RNA ```

Answer 35

C

Question 36

``` Molecules made by combining two or more different DNA molecules together are called A) Nucleotides B) Recombinant DNA molecules C) Restriction enzymes D) None of the above ```

Answer 36

B

Question 37

``` The field of microbiology that studies the spread of communicable disease, detects outbreaks, and implements appropriate control measures is called A) Microbial ecology B) Epidemiology C) Immunology D) Industrial microbiology ```

Answer 37

B

Question 38

``` The field of microbiology that studies the roles of diverse microorganisms in the environment is called A) Microbial ecology B) Epidemiology C) Immunology D) Industrial microbiology ```

Answer 38

A

Question 39

``` The field of microbiology that researches now uses for microbes and for culturing and isolating their products is called A) Microbial ecology B) Epidemiology C) Immunology D) Industrial microbiology ```

Answer 39

D