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Microbiology > Micro Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Micro Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Recombinant DNA is
A) DNA that has been transcribed into RNA
B) DNA with a new nucleotide sequence
C) DNA that is no longer being expressed in the cell
D) All of the above

A

B

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2
Q

Restriction enzymes
A) Recognize and cleave specific sequences about 4-8 base pairs long
B) Cleave DNA sequences randomly
C) Cleave DNA into long fragments hundreds of base pairs long
D) All of the above

A

A

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3
Q

Which of the following events occurred first in the history of DNA technology?
A) The first successful production of a genetically engineered crop plant occurred
B) The first mammal was cloned
C) Human genomic library was constructed
D) DNA polymerase was purified

A

D

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4
Q

Sticky ends of DNA fragments generated via restriction enzymes
A) Are not capable of annealing with one another
B) Can anneal with one another
C) Do not exist
D) None of the above

A

B

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5
Q

Cloning eukaryotic DNA into bacterial hosts was problematic because
A) The DNA in eukaryotes and bacteria are different
B) Eukaryotic mRNA must be processed first; bacteria cannot do this
C) Bacterial genetic material is RNA not DNA
D) None of the above

A

B

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6
Q 
The enzyme \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ allowed scientists to copy DNA from mRNA, thus facilitating cloning of eukaryotic DNA.
	A)	Endonuclease
	B)	Reverse transcriptase (RT)
	C)	Phosphatase
	D)	DNase
A

B

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7
Q

The purpose of the Southern blotting technique is to
A) Amplify fragments of DNA
B) Cleave DNA into small fragments
C) Construct a plasmid vector
D) Detect specific DNA fragments from a mixture of DNA molecules

A

D

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8
Q

Which of the following steps belongs with the Southern blotting technique?
A) Filter is bathed in a solution containing a radioactive probe
B) DNA bands are viewed via autoradiography
C) DNA fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis
D) All of the above

A

D

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9
Q

Recombinant DNA technology and cloning led to which of the following medical advancements?
A) Blood transfusions between individuals with the same blood group
B) Commercial production of insulin from genetically engineered bacteria
C) Transplant of pig mitral valves into human hearts
D) All of the above

A

B

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10
Q

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A) Amplifies fragments of DNA many times
B) Cleaves DNA into small fragments
C) Constructs a plasmid vector
D) Detects specific DNA fragments from a mixture of DNA molecules

A

A

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11
Q

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the purpose of oligonucleotides is to
A) Cleave the DNA into small, random fragments
B) Increase the temperature of the reaction
C) Serve as DNA primers providing a free 3’-OH end for DNA synthesis
D) Add dNTPs to the growing DNA chain

A

C

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12
Q 
Streptavidin is an ideal binding agent for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and has many biotechnological applications.
	A)	Folic acid
	B)	Iron
	C)	Biotin
	D)	All of the above
A

C

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13
Q 
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) takes advantage of which of the following abiotic factors affecting DNA?
	A)	Acidity
	B)	Pressure
	C)	Salt concentration
	D)	Temperature
A

D

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14
Q 
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), each cycle increases the DNA copy number
	A)	Linearly
	B)	Exponentially
	C)	Randomly
	D)	The copy number remains the same
A

B

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15
Q

Taq polymerase from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus is used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because
A) It can withstand high temperatures
B) It can withstand acidic conditions
C) It can withstand high salt concentration
D) It can withstand high pressure

A

A

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16
Q 
Real-time PCR is
	A)	Qualitative
	B)	Quantitative
	C)	A rate-limiting step in PCR
	D)	None of the above
A

B

17
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful in which of the following endeavors?
A) Isolating gene fragments from the environment
B) Diagnosing microbial diseases
C) Generating DNA for nucleotide sequencing
D) All of the above

A

D

18
Q

Which of the following techniques is routinely used to separate DNA fragments?
A) Cloning via plasmid vectors
B) Agarose or polyacylamide gel electrophoresis
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D) Shotgun sequencing

A

B

19
Q 
In gel electrophoresis, smaller fragments move through the gel
	A)	Slower
	B)	Faster
	C)	The same rate as large fragments
	D)	None of the above
A

B

20
Q 
Plasmids, bacteriophages, viruses, and artificial chromosomes can all be used
	A)	As restriction enzymes
	B)	As polymerases in PCR
	C)	For cloning vectors
	D)	All of the above
A

C

21
Q 
Plasmids make excellent cloning vectors because
	A)	They have similar DNA as the host
	B)	They rarely replicate
	C)	They replicate autonomously
	D)	They are difficult to purify
A

C

22
Q 
A gene that encodes for the presence of a protein that is needed for a cell to survive under certain, selective conditions is called a
	A)	Selectable marker
	B)	Restriction site
	C)	Origin of replication
	D)	Multicloning site
A

A

23
Q

The insertion of DNA into the pUC19 cloning vector can be visualized by
A) Plating cells on a medium containing only X-Gal
B) Plating cells on a medium containing only ampicillin
C) Plating cells on a medium containing both X-Gal and ampicillin
D) Plating cells on a medium without X-Gal and without ampicillin

A

C

24
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are engineered vectors that tolerate large fragments of DNA.
	A)	Phage vectors
	B)	Cosmids
	C)	Artificial chromosomes
	D)	All of the above
A

B

25
Q

An organism’s genomic library consists of
A) Gene fragments from one chromosome
B) Gene fragments from the entire genome
C) Nucleotide sequence of several genes
D) None of the above

A

B

26
Q

In construction of genomic libraries, the desired clone is selected by
A) Detecting a specific nucleotide sequence
B) Inserting the clone into a bacteriophage
C) Assaying clones for a specific protein or phenotype
D) None of the above

A

C

27
Q 
Eukaryotic cDNA libraries consist of
	A)	Introns only
	B)	Protein-coding regions only
	C)	Both introns and protein-coding regions
	D)	None of the above
A

B

28
Q 
The most common bacterium used as a cloning vector is
	A)	E. coli
	B)	S. cervisiae
	C)	Salmonella sp.
	D)	Thermus aquaticus
A

A

29
Q 
Recombinant DNA enters the host cell via
	A)	Cell lysis
	B)	Active transport
	C)	Electroporation
	D)	All of the above
A

C

30
Q 
The problem of expressing recombinant genes in host cells is overcome by
	A)	Expression vectors
	B)	Fluorescence labeling
	C)	Protein purification
	D)	None of the above
A

A

31
Q

Which of the following techniques is used for protein purification?
A) Southern blotting
B) Fluorescent labeling with green fluorescent protein (GFP)
C) Polyhistidine tagging
D) All of the above

A

C

32
Q

Which of the following techniques is used for visualizing proteins?
A) Southern blotting
B) Fluorescent labeling with green fluorescent protein (GFP)
C) Polyhistidine tagging
D) All of the above

A

B

Microbiology (42 decks)

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