micro final Flashcards
the most common cause of aseptic meningitis is ?
viral meningitis
what are the non-infectious causes of aseptic meningitis?
drug induced neoplasms neuro-sarcoidosis RA SLE vasculitis
which type of herpes virus is considered a common cause of aseptic meningitis
herpes simplex virus 2
brain abscess is formed from
cerebritis
describe subdural empyema
rapid progression
mostly due to sinusitis
mostly in young MALES
most common focal neurological deficit is : contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis
if there is a suspicion of Bacteroide infection we should give
metronidazole
in brain abscess and SDE the microorganism is collected from ?
craniotomy of burr hole NOT from CSF
describe epidural abscess
slow progression
mostly due to craniotomy and cranial fractures and nearby infected bone ( hematogenous) spread is rare
focal neurological deficits are rare
true or false
in suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis the thrombosis may expand from one sinus to other sinuses .
true, usually at autopsy, thrombosis of different histologic ages can be detected in several sinuses
note: suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis is can also be caused by skin infections on the face.
treatment of suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis?
The primary infection must be treated and regarding the thrombus, it is treated with removal of infected tissue and thrombus, and then antibiotics and hydration.
note: in the MRI of SITP decreased blood flow in affected veins is seen
which is more common meningitis or encephalitis
meningitis is more common
true or false
meningitis is most commonly due bacterial infection while encephalitis is most commonly due to viral infections.
true, the main viral infection is HSV1 (causes sporadic encephalitis), it commonly infects the temporal lobe.
signs and symptoms of encephalitis
1) altered level of consciousness (hallucinations, agitations , behavioral changes)
2) decrease level of consciousness
3) focal or diffuse neurologic symptoms
4) focal or generalized seizures
the most common cause of encephalitis is?
unknown causes
the cause of epidemics in encephalitis is?
arboviruses (west Nile virus)
true or false
rabies cause hyperexcitability which are usually followed by period of lucidity and as the disease progresses their period become shorter
true
true or false
in advanced cases rabies leads to rapid dysfunction of the spinal cord and coma which is followed by death
true
what is the histologic manifestation that appears in rabies
Negri bodies ( they are pathognomonic to rabies)
the primary diagnostic method for encephalitis is
CSF PCR
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is caused by?
prion proteins
variant CJD can be acquired by
eating from a cow affected by Madcow disease
signs of CJD
1) rapidly progressive dementia
2) rigidity
3) agitation and mood swings
4) MYOCLONUS
true or false
the only way to confirm a diagnosis of CJD is by brain biopsy
true
true or false
myelitis can be caused by late stages of syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
true
