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Microbiology > Micro Final D1 > Flashcards

Micro Final D1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Scientific Name

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Type of Pathogen

A

Gram-negative bacterium (prokaryotic)

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3
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Transmission Routes & primary protal of entry

A

Respiratory droplets, close personal contact, nasal/oral mucosa

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4
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Risk Groups

A

Infants, adolescents, college students, immunocompromised, travelers to endemic regions

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5
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Signs and Symptoms

A

Sudden fever, severe headache, stiff neck, photophobia, petechial rash

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6
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Virulence Factors

A

Polysaccharide capsule, pili, lipooligosaccharide (LOS), IgA protease

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7
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Treatment

A

Immediate antibiotics (ceftriaxone, penicillin G), supportive care

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8
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Prevention

A

Vaccination (MenACWY, MenB), prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts

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9
Q

Polio - Scientific Name

A

Poliovirus (types 1, 2, 3)

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10
Q

Polio - Type of Pathogen

A

RNA virus (non-enveloped,Enterovirus)

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11
Q

Polio - Transmission Routes

A

Fecal-oral route, rarely respiratory droplets

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12
Q

Polio - Risk Groups

A

Unvaccinated children, travelers to endemic areas, immunocompromised

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13
Q

Polio - Signs and Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic (90%), mild flu-like symptoms, paralytic polio (1%)

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14
Q

Polio - Virulence Factors

A

Capsid proteins, neurotropism (targets motor neurons)

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15
Q

Polio - Treatment

A

No cure; supportive care (ventilation, physical therapy)

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16
Q

Polio - Prevention

A

Vaccination (IPV, OPV), improved sanitation/hygiene

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17
Q

PAM - Scientific Name

A

Naegleria fowleri

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18
Q

PAM - Type of Pathogen

A

Free-living amoeba (eukaryotic protozoan)

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19
Q

PAM - Transmission Routes

A

Nasal exposure to warm freshwater (lakes, hot springs)

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20
Q

PAM - Risk Groups

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A

Healthy individuals engaging in freshwater activities

21
Q

PAM - Signs and Symptoms

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A

Headache, fever, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, rapid death

22
Q

PAM - Virulence Factors

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A

Trophozoites phagocytose brain tissue, enzymes degrade host cells

23
Q

PAM - Treatment

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A

Amphotericin B + miltefosine (>97% fatality)

24
Q

PAM - Prevention

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A

Avoid nasal contact with warm freshwater, use nose clips

25
Toxoplasmosis - Scientific Name
Toxoplasma gondii
26
Toxoplasmosis - Type of Pathogen
Obligate intracellular protozoan (Apicomplexa)
27
Toxoplasmosis - Transmission Routes
Undercooked meat, cat feces, congenital
28
Toxoplasmosis - Risk Groups
Pregnant women, immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)
29
Toxoplasmosis - Signs and Symptoms
Asymptomatic/mild flu-like, congenital defects, retinochoroiditis
30
Toxoplasmosis - Virulence Factors
Tissue cysts, modulates host immune response
31
Toxoplasmosis - Treatment
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine (severe cases)
32
Toxoplasmosis - Prevention
Cook meat thoroughly, avoid cat litter during pregnancy
33
Rabies - Scientific Name
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
34
Rabies - Type of Pathogen
Enveloped RNA virus (Rhabdoviridae)
35
Rabies - Transmission Routes
Bite from infected animal, open wounds/mucous membranes
36
Rabies - Risk Groups
Unvaccinated individuals, veterinarians, travelers to endemic areas
37
Rabies - Signs and Symptoms
Prodromal phase: fever headache Neurological phase: Furious rabies (80%) - hydrophobia, agitation, and paralytic rabies (20%) - paralysis, near 100% fatality
38
Rabies - Virulence Factors
Neurotropism, helical capsid, glycoproteins evade immune detection
39
Rabies - Treatment
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): vaccine + immunoglobulin (HRIG)
40
Rabies - Prevention
Vaccinate pets/wildlife, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups
41
Leprosy - Scientific Name
Mycobacterium leprae
42
Leprosy - Type of Pathogen
Acid-fast bacterium (obligate intracellular)
43
Leprosy - Transmission Routes
Prolonged close contact, zoonotic (armadillos)
44
Leprosy - Risk Groups
Close contacts of infected individuals, immunocompromised
45
Leprosy - Signs and Symptoms
Hypopigmented skin lesions, nerve damage, deformities
46
Leprosy - Virulence Factors
Mycolic acid, phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1)
47
Leprosy - Treatment
Multidrug therapy (MDT): dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine
48
Leprosy - Prevention
Early diagnosis/treatment, no effective vaccine

Microbiology (24 decks)

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