Microbiology Final Pathogensis 2

Question 1

What enters through nasal/oral mucosa, attaches via pili, invades bloodstream, crosses blood-brain barrier, and causes meningeal inflammation. Severe cases lead to septicemia.

Answer 1

Meningococcal meningitis

Question 2

Enters via fecal-oral route, replicates in oropharynx/GI tract, invades lymphoid tissue, spreads to bloodstream, and infects motor neurons, causing paralysis.

Answer 2

Poliomyelitis

Question 3

Enters nasal passages, migrates via olfactory nerve, releases enzymes (acid hydrolases, phospholipases), digests brain tissue, and causes rapid fatality.

Answer 3

Naegleria fowler; Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Question 4

Enters via oocysts/tissue cysts, differentiates into tachyzoites, spreads hematogenously, and forms bradyzoite cysts, damaging tissues in immunocompromised hosts/fetuses.

Answer 4

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 5

Enters via bite, replicates in muscle, spreads via peripheral nerves to CNS, causes encephalitis, and disseminates to salivary glands for transmission.

Answer 5

Rabies virus

Question 6

Enters through mucosa, binds to Schwann cells, degrades peripheral nerves, and causes numbness, paralysis, and tissue reabsorption.

Answer 6

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 7

Enters via wounds/devices, forms biofilms, secretes exotoxins (Exotoxin A), evades immune responses, and causes systemic infections.

Answer 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

Is inhaled, infects alveolar macrophages, replicates in phagosomes, triggers inflammation, and causes pneumonia.

Answer 8

Legionella pneumophila

Question 9

Is inhaled, phagocytized by macrophages, survives via mycolic acid, forms granulomas, and causes caseous necrosis/lung damage.

Answer 9

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 10

Enters via flea bites, invades blood vessels, replicates in lymph nodes (bubonic), spreads to lungs (pneumonic), or causes septicemia.

Answer 10

Yersinia pestis; Plague

Question 11

Spores germinate, release toxins (Lethal Toxin, Edema Toxin), disrupt immunity, and cause tissue necrosis/septicemia.

Answer 11

Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis

Question 12

Enters via respiratory droplets, replicates in lymph nodes, spreads via bloodstream, and crosses placenta in pregnancy, causing congenital defects.

Answer 12

Rubivirus rubellae; Rubella

Question 13

Infects respiratory epithelium, spreads to lymphoid tissues, causes systemic illness, and suppresses immunity, leading to complications.

Answer 13

Measles virus

Question 14

Colonizes dental plaque, forms biofilms, secretes gingipains, triggers inflammation, and causes periodontal bone loss.

Answer 14

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 15

Enters via tick bites, infects endothelial cells, causes vasculitis, and leads to organ failure.

Answer 15

Rickettsia rickettsia; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Question 16

Enters via skin/mucous membranes, evades phagosomes, replicates in cytoplasm, and causes apoptosis/systemic infection.

Answer 16

Tularemia; Francisella tularensis

Question 17

Enters deep wounds, produces alpha-toxin (Phospholipase C), causes necrosis, and ferments carbohydrates, producing gas.

Answer 17

Gas Gangrene; Clostridium perfringens

Question 18

Enters bloodstream, infects liver cells, replicates via host ribosomes, and causes chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Answer 18

Hepatitis C