Micro-nutrient Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Macro-nutrient
A
Principal component of the body
2
Q
Role of water
A
- Needed for cellular reactions
- Solvent to move nutrients and waste
- Maintain body temperature
- Moisten tissue
- Protect spinal cord and sensitive tissue
- Disposed of through urination
3
Q
Water balance
A
- Balance betwen intake and output based on drinks food and metabolism
4
Q
Water output
A
- Minimum obligatory excreation 500ml
- mostly by kindeys
- Illness loss via vomit and diarrhoea
5
Q
Dehydration
A
- Reduced water intake causes thirst stimulates water intake to restore balance
6
Q
types of dehydration and symptoms
A
- Dry skin of mouth tiredness and lack of concentration
- Sever cases seizure kidney failure and death
7
Q
Overhydration
A
- Effects electrolyte concentration causes imbalance and urine production increases
- Intoxication as low levels of sodium in blood
8
Q
Minerals
A
- Essential micronutrient but no energy is provided
9
Q
Role of minerals
A
- Electrolytes which regulate food imbalance, blood pH and muscle function
10
Q
Major minerals
A
greater than 100mg required per day of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium
11
Q
Trace minerals
A
<100 required per day such as iron copper zinc and flouride
12
Q
Role of vitamins
A
- Essential for metabolic processes
- Assits enzymes as coenzymes
- Acts as indavidual units
13
Q
Water soluble vitamins
A
- Excreated via kidneys as urine
- Increased risk of deficiency
- Decreased risk of toxicity
- Vitamin B and C
14
Q
Lipid soluable
A
- Excessed stored in the body in the liver
- Decreased risk of deficiency
- Increased risk of toxicity
- Vitamin A, D, E and K
15
Q
Vitamin B group
A
- Coenzymes to assist enzymes do not produce fuel
- Overlapping function
- Some synthesised by bacteria of intestinal flora
16
Q
Vitamin B1 thiamine
A
- Part of coenzyme TTP which activates enzymes involved in carb catabolism and neuronal action potential
- From grains pork and veg
17
Q
What happens if you have a vitamin B1 deficency
A
- Malnourished
- Alcohol impaires thiamine absorbtion
- Preg or atheleates have high carb catabolism
18
Q
Dry beriberi and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
A
- Prolonged thiamine deficiency effects nervous system causing paralysis
- Jerky eye movements and memory loss
19
Q
Wet beriberi
A
- Thiamine deficiency effecting cardiovascular system
20
Q
Vitamin B2 - riboflavin
A
- Part of coenzyme FMN and FAD
- FAD assists enzymes involved in energy metabolism electron carrier in krebs
21
Q
Sources of vitamin B2
A
- Eggs green veg and almonds
22
Q
Vitamin B2 deficiency
A
- Inflammation of lips, mouth and GI tract and is common in developing countries
23
Q
Vitamin B3 - Niacin
A
- Part of coenzyme NAD and NADP
- Act as coenzymes of enzymes involved in oxiredorectuctase
- NAD is the electron carrier in glycolysis
24
Q
Sources of vitamin B3
A
- Meat and poultry fish and nuts
25
Vitamin B3 deficiency
- Body makes from tryptophan after protien synthesis needs are met
- Usually diet based on maize and chronic alcoholics
26
Pellagra
- Dermititis
- Diarrhoea
- Dementia
27
Vitmin B3 toxicity
- Large dose causes skin flushes and liver damage
28
Vitamin B5
- Part of coenzyme A which is crutial for metabolic pathways
- Enzymes convert pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A
- Fatty acid activation with beta oxidation cycle
29
3 forms Vitamin B6 and roles
- Converted to coenzyme PLP
- In tryptophan metabolism
- Helps with synthesis of neurotransmitters heam, nucleic acids and urea metabolism
30
Sources of vitamin B6
- Meat
- Fish
- Poultry
- Starchy veg
31
Causes of B6 deficency
- Alcohol contributes to destruction of vitamin B6
- Neurological aneamia
32
Vitamin B7 Biotin role
- Is a coenzyme itself and it is critical to assist krebs cycle
33
Sources of vitamin B7
- Lots of food and produced by bacteria in the GI tract
34
Deficiencies
- Risk when eating large amounts of eggs reduce biotin absorption
35
Vitamin B9 folic acid role
- Converted to coenzyme THF of enzymes
- Biosynthesis of nitrogenous base amino acids and embryonic development and spinal cord development
36
Sorces of folic acid
- Dark green leafy veg, fruit and nuts
37
Deficiency in B9
- Pregnant women and those with the risk of cancer
- Support with baby growth and development and anti-cancer drugs
- Causes low weight baby
38
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin role
- 2 active coenzymes of enzymes production of THF coenzyme
- Regulation of cell replication and nerve activity
39
Sources of vitamin B12
- Food of animal orign
- Meat, fish and shellfish
40
Deficiency
- Megaloblastic anaemia
- Gastrointestinal
- Neurological symptoms
41
Vitamin C roles
- Coenzyme involeved in the synthesis of collagen such as carnitine and steroids
42
Source of vitamin C
- Citrus fruits such as tomatos, potatoes and other veg
43
Deficency of vitamin C
- Swollen gums bruising and haemorrhage, bone fracture and loosing
44
# Lipid soluable
Vitamin A
- Three forms stored in the liver
- Promotes vision
- Participating in protien synthesis
- Support reproduction and growth
45
Source of A - Retinol
- Milk fish and liver
- Spinach carrots
46
Vitamin A deficiency
- Night blindness due to corneal damage
- Keritinisation dry skin
- Toxic side effect - skin loss, liver and bone abnormalities
47
Vitamin D - Calciferol
- D2 and D3 sunlight and UVB induces vitamin D3 production
- Regulates calcium in the blood
- Regulates keratinocytes to turnover in skin
48
How is vitamin D synthesised
- Uncovered skin sunlight
- Milk, liver and fatty fish
49
Deficiency in vitamin D causes
- Rickets - distortion and long bones osteomalacia - softness in long bones osteoporesis
50
Vitamin E - Calciferol
- Tocopherols - free radical species antioxidants
- Smooth muscle growth and maintainance of nerves
51
Vitamin E deficiency
- Malabsorbtion of fat rather than lack of intake
- Nerve damage and anemia
52
Vitamin K
- Acts as a coenzyme to assist the formation of coaggulation factors
- Metabolism of bone
53
Deficiency of vitamin K
- Liver damage in newborns with sterile intestines
- Anaemia, bruising and bleeding
