MICRO - Virology Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Questions
A
Answers
2
Q
What are the families of DNA viruses?
A
Hepadnavirus Herpesvirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Papovavirus Poxvirus
3
Q
ssDNA virus
A
Parvovirus
4
Q
Circular DNA virus (2)
A
Hepadnavirus
Papovavirus (supercoiled)
“HooP or HeaP or Hep Pap”
5
Q
dsRNA
A
Reovirus
6
Q
DNA virus that is not icosahedral
A
Pox (too big)
7
Q
DNA virus that does not replicate in the nucleus
A
Pox (carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
8
Q
Naked DNA viruses
A
Parvo
Adeno
Papova
“Naked for a PAP smear”
9
Q
Enveloped DNA viruses
A
Hepadna
Pox
Herpes
10
Q
What host cell receptor does HIV gp120 bind?
A
CD4+
11
Q
What host cell receptor does EBV gp350 bind?
A
CD21
12
Q
What host cell receptor does Parvovirus B19 bind?
A
Erythrocyte P antigen
13
Q
What is the pathway of DNA replication in HBV?
A
dsDNA -> Template + RNA -> Progeny dsDNA
14
Q
What virus is not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase?
A
HBV
15
Q
What does HSV-1 cause?
A
Oral (and some genital) lesions
Keratoconjunctivitis
16
Q
What does HSV-2 cause?
A
Genital (and some oral lesions)
17
Q
What does HHV-6 cause?
A
Roseola (exanthem subitum)
*3-day fever following a rash
18
Q
1 cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in children
A
Adenovirus
19
Q
What does adenovirus cause?
A
Febrile pharyngitis
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”)
*Found in swimming pools!
20
Q
Where does Parvovirus replicate?
A
Bone marrow
21
Q
What are the 2 types of papovavirus?
A
HPV
JC (PML)
22
Q
What is caused by poxvirus?
A
Small pox
Vaccinia (cowpox, “milkmaid’s blisters”)
Molluscum contagiosum (umbilicated papules)
23
Q
What are the 5 Picornaviruses?
A
Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus HAV
“PERCH”
24
Q
What are the 2 Caliciviruses?
A
HEV
Norwalk virus
25
What are the 2 Reoviruses?
Reovirus
| Rotavirus
26
What are the 5 Flaviviruses?
```
HCV
Yellow fever
Dengue fever
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus
```
27
What are the 3 Togaviruses?
Rubella (German measles)
Eastern/Western equine encephalitis
"East and West German togas"
28
What are the Orthomyxoviruses?
Influenza virus
29
What are the Paramyxoviruses?
Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps
"PaRaMyxovirus"
30
What are the 2 Retroviruses?
HIV
| HTLV
31
What family contains the Rabies virus?
Rhabdovirus
32
What family contains the Ebola virus?
Filovirus
33
What are the 4 Bunyaviruses?
California encephalitis
Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus
34
What are the 3 families of RNA viruses that are NONenveloped?
Calicivirus
Picornavirus
Reovirus
"Naked CPR"
35
What is the only enveloped virus that does not acquire its membrane from the host plasma membrane?
Herpesvirus, uses nuclear membrane
36
What virus is diploid?
Retrovirus
37
What type of vaccines induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity?
Live attenuated vaccines
38
What type of vaccines induce only humoral immunity?
Killed vaccines
39
What 7 viruses have live attenuated vaccines?
```
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Sabin polio
VZV
Yellow fever
Smallpox
```
40
What 4 viruses have killed vaccines?
Rabies
Influenza
HAV
Salk polio (SalK = Killed)
41
What virus has a recombinant vaccine?
HBV
42
What is reassortment?
Viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments
Can cause worldwide pandemics
*Ex: Influenza A
43
What are the 4 families of viruses that can have reassortment?
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus
Arenavirus
Reovirus
"BOAR", all segmented genomes
44
What is complementation?
Nonmutated virus "complements" the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses
45
How does Rubella present?
Low-grade fever
Maculopapular rash (head -> feet)
Posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
Sequelae include polyarthritis
46
Triad of Congenital Rubella
Sensorineural deafness
Cataracts
Cardiac malformations (PDA)
47
What does Echovirus cause?
Aseptic meningitis
48
What does Coxsackievirus cause (4)?
Aseptic meningitis
Herpangina (febrile pharyngitis)
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Myocarditis
49
What does Reovirus cause?
Colorado tick fever
50
What is the #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?
Rotavirus
51
What is carried by the vector Aedes aegypti (mosquito)?
Yellow fever (Flavivirus)
52
What family of viruses has a double icosahedral capsid?
Reovirus
53
What are the 2 diseases caused by slow virus infections?
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE, 6-15yrs post-measles)
PML (JC virus)
54
What family is most notable for making one huge polypeptide, cleaved by proteases?
Picornavirus
| But, generally can be done by all SS+ linear RNA viruses
55
What is the only acid-labile picornavirus?
Rhinovirus
56
What does Rhinovirus bind to?
ICAM-1
57
How many serotypes do each of the PaRaMyxoviruses have?
```
Parainfluenza = 4
RSV = 2
Measles/Mumps = 1
```
58
What virus carries its own polymerase in its capsid, and loses its virulence without it?
Reovirus
59
What are the symptoms of Mumps?
Meningitis
Orchitis
Parotitis
"MOP"
60
What are the 3 C's of Measles?
Cough
Coryza (acute rhinitis)
Conjunctivitis
61
What are the 2 possible sequelae of Measles?
SSPE
| Giant cell pneumonia
62
What is another name for Measles?
Rubeola
63
What is the use of Zanamivir and Oseltamivir?
Neuramidase inhibitors used for influenza A and B
64
What are the 2 antigens of influenza viruses?
Hemagglutinin
| Neuraminidase
65
What are the 3 symptoms of Yellow fever
Fever
Jaundice
Black vomitus
66
Bone marrow suppression ("Breakbone fever")
Antibodies to virus ENHANCE viral uptake
Hemorrhagic fever
Dengue fever (flavivirus)
67
What 3 families are included under the title Arbovirus?
Flavivirus
Togavirus
Bunyavirus
*All transmitted by arthropods (mosquito, tick)
68
What hepatitis virus is worse if contracted at a young age?
Hepatitis B
69
Why is there no effective immunity to Hepatitis C?
Antigenic variety of HCV envelope proteins
70
What do each of the pnemonics stand for in the Hepatitis viruses?
```
A = Asymptomatic (usually)
B = Blood borne
C = Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers
D = Defective, Dependent on HBV
E = Enteric, Epidemics, Expectant mothers
```
71
What are the 2 viral diseases that present with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy?
Mono
| Rubella
72
Neonatal encephalitis
Herpesviruses (95% HSV-1)
73
Best test to detect active Hepatitis A
IgM HAVAb
74
HBsAg
Continued presence indicates carrier state
75
HBsAb
Immunity to Hepatitis B
76
HBcAb
Positive during window period
77
HBeAg
Also in HBV core
Indicator of transmissibility
Increases vertical transmission
78
HBeAb
Indicates LOW transmissibility
79
What is the Rx for babies of mothers with Hepatitis B?
Give hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) followed by active immunization with recombinant HBV vaccine
80
What protein is the rectangular nucleocapsid protein of HIV?
p24
81
What does the HIV gene POL encode?
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
Protease
82
What does the HIV gene ENV encode?
gp160
83
What does the HIV gene REV encode?
Transports unspliced viral transcripts out of nucleus
84
What does the HIV gene TAT encode?
Activates other genes
| "Virulence gene"
85
What does the HIV gene NEF encode?
Increases viral replication via downregulation of CD4 and MHC-I
86
Which 2 HIV genes are required for viral replication?
REV
| TAT
87
How is HIV diagnosed?
ELISA (sensitive)
| Western blot for glycoproteins (specific)
88
How is HIV monitored?
PCR
| Viral load tests
89
What 2 genes confer immunity against HIV
CCR5
CXCR4
"4 and 5"
90
What gene confers rapid progression to AIDS?
CXCR1
91
Angiosarcoma-like proliferation of stromal cells
HHV-8 (Kaposi's sarcoma)
92
How do you treat Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex?
Azithromycin
93
"Hat-shaped" cells in AIDS patient
PCP
94
What are 3 protozoan infections seen in AIDS?
Toxoplasmosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Isospora belli (Rx = TMP-SMX)
95
A pregnant woman is exposed to parvovirus at 8 weeks gestation. What will be the effect on the fetus?
Aplastic anemia, resulting in non-immune hydrops fetalis
96
What layer of the epidermis is infected by HPV?
Stratum basale
97
What mediates the attachment of mumpsvirus to epithelial cells?
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein
98
What are the preferred drugs for herpes zoster?
Famciclovir
Valacyclovir
*Use of acyclovir would require large doses
99
What are the 4 enteroviruses that cause meningitis?
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
Poliovirus
Enterovirus
