Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Micro Lecture > Microbial nutrition and growth > Flashcards

Microbial nutrition and growth Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How can organisms be classified?

A

by nutrient pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the carbon source for autotrophs (producers)?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the carbon source for heterotrophs (consumers)?

A

organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of autotrophs?

A

plants, algae, some bacteria, phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of heterotrophs?

A

animals, fungi, most protozoa, most bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the energy source for phototrophs?

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the energy source for chemotrophs?

A

redox of organic/inorganic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the carbon source for photoautotrophs?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the energy source for photoautotrophs?

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of photoautotrophs?

A

photosynthetic bacteria
plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the carbon source for chemoautotrophs?

A

CO2
includes some bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the energy source for chemoautotrophs?

A

inorganic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the carbon source for photoheterotrophs?

A

organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the energy source for photoheterotrophs?

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of a photoheterotroph?

A

some bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the carbon source for chemoheterotrophs?

A

organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the energy source for chemoheterotrophs?

A

organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of chemoheterotrophs?

A

animals, most bacteria, many protists, parasitic plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are psychrophiles?

A

cold-loving
exist in polar regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are mesophiles?

A

moderate temp loving
disease-causing microbes
like human body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are thermophiles?

A

heat loving
hot compost piles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are hyperthermophiles?

A

extreme thermophiles
archaea
volcanic hot springs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are neutrophiles?

A

like pH 6.5-7.5
most bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are acidophiles?

A

like pH below 2
sulfur bacteria in coal mines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is osmotic pressure?
the pressure required to stop water from diffusing through membrane by osmosis
26
What happens in a hypotonic environment?
low solute=low pressure water goes into the cell cell bursts (lysis)
27
What happens in a hypertonic environment?
high solute=high pressure water goes out of cell cell shrivels
28
What are hypertonic solutions the basis for?
food preservation
29
What are obligate halophiles?
require high osmotic pressure (high salt) up to 30% Dead Sea
30
What are facultative halophiles?
tolerate high osmotic pressure but don't require it 2-15% exist on human skin
31
What is carbon needed for?
organic macromolecules
32
What is nitrogen needed for?
nucleic acids and proteins
33
What is phosphorus needed for?
nucleic acids phospholipids
34
What is oxygen needed for?
aerobic respiration
35
What is an obligate aerobe?
need oxygen to grow growth at the top
36
What is an obligate anaerobe?
uses no oxygen to grow growth at the bottom
37
What is a facultative anaerobe?
can grow with no oxygen but prefers it higher concentration of growth at top but spread out everywhere else
38
What is a micro-aerophile?
require low amount of oxygen to grow growth somewhere in the middle
39
What are aerotolerant anaerobes?
tolerate air but don't use it fermentation
40
What is autoxidation?
oxygen in environment is converted into oxygen free radicals in the cell
41
What happens in aerobic respiration?
uses oxygen additional oxygen free radicals are produced as a consequence of aerobic respiration
42
How oxygen free radicals get electrons?
oxidize molecules which results in cell damage
43
What is the 2 type process to eliminate oxygen free radicals?
superoxide dismutase catalase/peroxidase
44
What happens in superoxide dismutase?
converts radicals to hydrogen peroxide
45
What happens in catalase/peroxidase?
neutralizes H202 catalase- H202 to H20 and 02 peroxidase- H202 to H20
46
What ions are found naturally in water and media components?
iron copper zinc function as inorganic cofactor for enzyme
47
How do bacteria divide?
binary fission
48
What is generation time?
time it takes for a cell population to double
49
What happens during the lag phase?
intense activity preparing for population growth
50
What happens during log (exponential) phase?
exponential increase in population
51
What happens during stationary phase?
period of equilibrium microbial deaths balance production of new cells
52
What happens during death (decline) phase?
population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate
53
How do you measure bacterial growth directly?
plate counts membrane filtration microscopic counts
54
What is plate counting?
count CFUs on solid culture medium
55
What is membrane filtration?
small quantities of bacteria bacteria trapped on filter, filter transferred to culture medium; count CFUs
56
Describe microscopic counting
bacteria mixed w/ dye load volume on cell counter living cells counted under scope cells/mL
57
What are indirect ways to measure bacteria?
turbidity (cloudiness) dry weight metabolic activity
58
Describe the turbidity method
Light absorbance increases with cloudiness
59
Describe the dry weight method
weigh out powdered form of bacteria more weight=more growth
60
Describe metabolic activity method
metabolic product measured (lactic acid) more acid=more growth

Micro Lecture (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions