Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Micro Lecture > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Variations of elements
Same # of protons and electrons but different neutron #’s= different mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

One atom loses electrons, others gain= ion

Opposites attract- Ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Strongest bond
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Between molecules involving hydrogen

Made possibly by uneven covalent bonding

Weakest bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

New bonds are formed
Endergonic (net energy in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

Molecules are made by removing water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

Bonds are broken
Exergonic (net energy out, exit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Breaking down molecules with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Decomposition reactions in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Synthesis (building) reactions in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an exchange reaction?

A

Part decomposition and synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of inorganic molecules?

A

Typically lack carbon
Simple
Salts, acids, bases
H2O, O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are organic molecules?

A

Always contain carbon
Complex
Sugars, proteins, Nucleic acids, lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

Any molecule having unequal distribution of charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are properties of water related to polarity?

A

Cohesion and adhesion

High specific heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Attraction of molecules for other molecules of same kind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of different kind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a cation?

A

Positively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negatively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the best ph for organisms?

A

6.5-8.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are organic molecules broken down?

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 major groups of carbs?

A

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose- algae cell walls
Chitin- cell wall of fungi
Starch- produced by plants and used as food by us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a characteristic of lipids?

A

They are hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are simple lipids?
Triglycerides which contain glycerol and 3 fatty acids
26
What are complex lipids?
Phospholipids Steroids
27
What are steroids?
Complex lipid
28
What do steroids do?
Help maintain healthy membranes Keep membrane fluids at low temps Keep membranes calm at high temps
29
What are the functions of proteins?
Enzymes, transporter proteins, motility, pathogenesis Consist of repeating subunits called amino acids
30
What are polypeptides?
Many amino acids joined together
31
How are bonds between amino acids formed?
Dehydration synthesis
32
What are the 4 protein levels of organization?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
33
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Straight polypeptide chain sequence
34
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Localized, repetitious twisting/folding of polypeptide Hydrogen bonding Helices and pleated sheets
35
What is the tertiary structure of proteins?
Overall 3D structure of polypeptide Many different types of bonds Most functional at this point
36
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
Some proteins Aggregation 2 or more polypeptides Operate as single unit
37
What are inorganic molecules?
Water, oxygen, salts, acids, bases Typically lack carbon Simple
38
What are organic molecules?
Sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Complex Always contain carbon
39
What is a polar molecule?
Any molecule having unequal distribution of charge Ex: water
40
What are the properties of H2O?
Excellent solvent Cohesion and adhesion High specific heat capacity
41
What do hydrogen bonds do in heat?
Absorbs heat Protects cells from fluctuations in environmental temperature
42
What is an acid?
Salt that disassociates into H and an anion
43
What is a base?
Salt that disassociates into cation and OH-
44
What is the Ph scale in inorganic molecules?
Amount of H+ expressed as ph (Potential of H) 0-14 Lower Ph- more acidic Higher Ph- more basic Whole number change= 10x difference in H+ Ph change from 7 to 9- 100x decrease in H+
45
How are organic molecules linked?
Dehydration synthesis
46
How are organic molecules broken down?
Hydrolysis
47
What makes up a polysaccharide?
Tens to hundreds of monosaccharides joined together
48
What is cellulose?
Algae cell walls
49
What is chitin?
Cell wall of fungi
50
What are lipids made up of?
No (+) and (-) ends Makes them insoluble in water
51
What do enzymes do?
Speed up biochemical reactions
52
What do transporter proteins do?
Move chemicals across membranes
53
What is motility in proteins?
Flagella
54
What is pathogenesis?
Bacterial toxins
55
What is the structure of phospholipids?
glycerol and 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
56
What is the function of phospholipids?
Major component of cell membranes
57
What is the function of triglycerides?
Energy storage in fat cells
58
What is the structure of steroids?
4 fused rings
59
What is the function of steroids?
Maintaining healthy membranes
60
What is an example of a steroid?
Cholesterol
61
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose
62
What is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
63
What are examples of polysaccharides?
Cellulose, starch, chitin

Micro Lecture (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions