Lecture 1

Question 1

What kind of cellular structure do bacteria have?

Answer 1

Unicellular

Question 2

What shapes are bacteria?

Answer 2

Bacillus- rod like
Coccus- spherical
Spiral- corkscrew

Question 3

What are the formations of bacteria?

Answer 3

Pairs, chains and clusters

Question 4

How are bacteria enclosed?

Answer 4

In cell walls composed of peptidogylcan

Question 5

Where do archaea live?

Answer 5

In extreme environments

Question 6

What makes archaea unique?

Answer 6

It is prokaryotic but lacks peptidogylcan

Question 7

What are the 3 characteristics of archaea?

Answer 7

Methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles

Question 8

What does an archaea being a methanogen mean?

Answer 8

They produce methane waste
They are found in marshes and swamps

Question 9

What does archaea being an extreme halophile mean?

Answer 9

Loving of salt
Examples- great salt lake and dead sea

Question 10

What does archaea being an extreme thermophile mean?

Answer 10

Heat
Found in Hot sulfurus water such as Yellowstone national park

Question 11

What 2 forms does fungi have?

Answer 11

Unicellular (yeasts)
Multicellular (molds)

Question 12

How is Protozoa characterized?

Answer 12

Categorized by motility

Question 13

What are pseudopods?

Answer 13

Category of Protozoa
False feet, extensions of cytoplasm

Question 14

What are cilia?

Answer 14

Category of Protozoa
Numerous short appendages

Question 15

What are flagella?

Answer 15

Category of Protozoa
Long appendage

Question 16

What is the structure of Protozoa?

Answer 16

Unicellular

Question 17

What do algae do?

Answer 17

Use photosynthesis for energy

Question 18

What do all viruses have?

Answer 18

Genome (DNA or RNA)
Capsid- protein coat

Question 19

What is a characteristic of viruses?

Answer 19

Obligatory intracellular parasites- must use host cell machinery, inert outside host

Question 20

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 20

Acellular

Question 21

What are the 7 taxa of decreasing relatedness?

Answer 21

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species

Question 22

Which microorganisms are prokaryotes?

Answer 22

Bacteria, archaea

Question 23

Which microorganisms are eukaryotes?

Answer 23

Fungi, Protozoa, algae

Question 24

Who established scientific nomenclature?

Answer 24

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 25

What 2 names did Carolus Linnaeus give organisms?

Answer 25

Genus (capitalized 1st letter) Species

Question 26

Who first discovered the bacterial world?

Answer 26

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 27

Who was against the spontaneous generation claim and tested with maggots on decaying meat?

Answer 27

Francesco Redi

Question 28

Who was for spontaneous generation?

Answer 28

John Needham Tested using broth boiled

Question 29

Who else was against the spontaneous generation theory?

Answer 29

Lazzaro Spallanzani Boiled broth with glass necks melted to seal flasks

Question 30

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 30

Used an s shaped flask to prove the theory of biogenesis (all living things arise only from living things) explained wine souring reason

Question 31

Who spearheaded discoveries during the golden age of microbiology?

Answer 31

Pasteur and Robert Koch

Question 32

Who indirectly supported the germ theory?

Answer 32

Ignaz Semmelweis- hand washing between deliveries Florence Nightingale- nursing antiseptic techniques Joseph Lister- phenol to prevent surgical wound infections

Question 33

Who was the first to prove bacteria causes disease (anthrax)?

Answer 33

Robert Koch

Question 34

Who spear headed the small pox vaccine trials?

Answer 34

Edward Jenner

Question 35

Who developed the first synthetic drug (Salvarsan)?

Answer 35

Paul Ehrlich Treated syphilis

Question 36

Who accidentally discovered penicillin?

Answer 36

Alexander Fleming

Question 37

What experiment did Francesco Redi perform?

Answer 37

He tested spontaneous generation of maggots on decaying meat

Question 38

What experiment did John Needham perform?

Answer 38

Boiled broth with cork seal

Question 39

What experiment did Lazzaro Spallanzani perform?

Answer 39

boiled broth with flasks melted for seal

Question 40

What shape was anthrax discovered by Robert Koch?

Answer 40

rod shaped

Question 41

What is Koch's postulates?

Answer 41

Experimental steps to prove that specific microbe causes specific disease

Question 42

What was the first synthetic drug discovered?

Answer 42

salvarsan

Question 43

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 43

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 44

What do bacteria have that archaea don't?

Answer 44

peptidoglycan

Question 45

What kind of microbe is algae?

Answer 45

photosynthetic eukaryote