Microbiology

Question 1

What does microbiology study?

Answer 1

fungi, bacteria, algae, prions, protists, protozoa, and viruses

Question 2

Do viruses require a host?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Do bacteria have a nucleus?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Do fungi have a nucleus?

Answer 4

yes, they are eukaryotic organisms

Question 5

Plaque is mineralized or nonmineralized

Answer 5

nonmineralized

Question 6

Microorganisms produce a gel like matrix called a ___

Answer 6

Slime layer

Question 7

What does the slime layer protect the microbial colony from?

Answer 7

antibiotics, antimicrobials, and the body’s immune system

Question 8

calculus is mineralized or nonmineralized

Answer 8

mineralized

Question 9

70-90% of calculus is composed of what material?

Answer 9

inorganic material (calcium and phosphate)

Question 10

ALL calculus is covered by___

Answer 10

plaque

Question 11

material alba consists of?

Answer 11

bacteria, food debris, and other organic/inorganic materials

Question 12

Steps in the formation of dental plaque

Answer 12

pellicles formation, initial attachment of bacteria, formation of bacterial microcolonies, and maturation of bacterial microcolonies

Question 13

Within the first 2 days of plaque accumulation what bacteria are present?

Answer 13

G+ Cocci

Question 14

After 14-21 days of plaque accumulation what will you see clinically?

Answer 14

gingivitis

Question 15

If you have innocuous bacteria what does that mean

Answer 15

bacteria are NOT harmful

Question 16

Are G+ or G- bacteria more harmful?

Answer 16

G-

Question 16

If you conduct are crystal violet stain and it stains purple what type of bacteria are present?

Answer 16

G+

Question 17

G+ bacteria are capable of releasing…

Answer 17

exotoxin (G- produce both exo and endotoxin)

Question 18

What type of bacteria can survive with or without oxygen?

Answer 18

Facultative anaerobic bacteria

Question 19

Is bacteria transmissible?

Answer 19

YES, therefore caries and perio disease are transmissible

Question 20

What are the components of caries formation?

Answer 20

fermentable carbs, bacteria, and tooth surface

Question 21

Which bacteria are mainly responsible for caries formation?

Answer 21

S. Mutans

Question 22

Which bacteria are more active in the progression of caries?

Answer 22

Lactobacillus

Question 23

pH for enamel demin

Answer 23

5.5

Question 24

pH for root demin

Answer 24

6.2-6.7

Question 25

What bacteria are present in supragingival biofilm?

Answer 25

G+ aerobic bacteria

Question 26

How are HIV, HBV, and HCV transmitted?

Answer 26

through blood/ blood products

Question 27

Where are antibodies produced?

Answer 27

tonsils and thymus

Question 28

a ____ is any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies.

Answer 28

antigen

Question 29

A____ is a protein that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.

Answer 29

antibody

Question 30

Cells that can ingest and digest microorganisms.

Answer 30

phagocytes

Question 31

When these are located in tissues they are called___ and when they are located in bloodstream theyre called___.

Answer 31

macrophages; monocyte

Question 32

most common antibody

Answer 32

igG

Question 33

antibody that lines body surfaces and is found in saliva, tears, etc.

Answer 33

igA

Question 34

infection antibody

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

allergy antibody

Answer 35

igE

Question 36

Prostaglandins play an important role in?

Answer 36

bone destruction

Question 37

immunity that is present at birth

Answer 37

innate immunity

Question 38

if you contract the flu then are immune to it what type of immunity is that?

Answer 38

natural active

Question 39

if you get the Heb. B vaccination what type of immunity do you have?

Answer 39

artificial active

Question 40

If you prick your finger with a contaminated needle and get a Hep. B immunoglobulin injection, what type of immunity is that?

Answer 40

Artificial Passive

Question 41

antibodies passed on from one person to another is what immunity?

Answer 41

Natural Passive

Question 42

5 signs of inflammation are?

Answer 42

heat, red, swollen, pain, and loss of function

Question 43

asthma and anaphylatic attacks are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 43

type 1 (immediate)

Question 44

When cells within the body are destroyed by antibodies this is what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 44

Type 2 (antibody mediated)

Question 45

When tissue damage occurs from the activation of the completement system this is what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 45

Type 3 (immune complex)

Question 46

contact dermatitis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 46

Type 4 ( cell mediated/ delayed)

Question 47

minimal scaring is..

Answer 47

Healing by primary intention

Question 48

edges of injury are not joined..

Answer 48

Healing by secondary intention

Question 49

healing site becomes infected..

Answer 49

Healing by tertiary intention