Microbiology

Question 1

Name 4 important intrauterine infections

Answer 1

rubella
parvovirus b19
VZV
CMV

(herpes HIV HEPb)

Question 2

what causes rubella

Answer 2

RNA virus with respiratory spread. togaviridae family

Question 3

name 5 routes of CMV transmission

Answer 3

Saliva, blood, sexual, intrauterine, perinatal eg breastfeeding

Question 4

Main problem assocaited with intrauterine CMV infection

Answer 4

Accounts for 20% of sensory- neural hearing loss

Question 5

What viruses would you be suspecting in a child scan of foetal microcephaly

Answer 5

CMV and rubella, zika?

Question 6

What is the treatment for a pregnant woman with chicken pox

Answer 6

aciyclovir

Question 7

What mosquito transmits malaria

Answer 7

anopheles

Question 8

what mosquito transmits dengue

Answer 8

aedes

Question 9

How would HIV present in a returning traveller

Answer 9

pharyngitis, like mononucleosisby EBV or CMV

Question 10

How does rickettsial disease present?

Answer 10

Fever, myalgia and headache and vasculitis as it invades the endothelial cells and may have an eschar from the bite

Question 11

what organism causes rickettsial disease

Answer 11

tics, lice mites, scrub typhus causes chiggers

Question 12

how do you treat rickettsia

Answer 12

doxy

Question 13

how do you diagnose cysticercosis

Answer 13

see brain abcess with a fluid level, often walled off by bone. commonest cause of adult onset epilepsy.

Question 14

how do you treat cysticercosis

Answer 14

cestocidal drugs and steroids (e.g praziquantel)

Question 15

what is the largest risk factor for TB

Answer 15

HIV but most tb attributable to malnutrition

Question 16

What causes african sleeping sickness

Answer 16

trypanasoma brucei (rhodesiense (east) and gambiense (west))

east - more severe and results in death
west indolent present late with psych conditions - posterior lymphadenopathy

present with chancre

Question 17

how is trypanosoma transmitted

Answer 17

tsetse fly

Question 18

how is leishmaniasis transmitted

Answer 18

sand flies

Question 19

what causes american ‘sleeping sickness’

Answer 19

chagas disease or trypanosoma cruzi

Question 20

what organism causes thread worm

Answer 20

enterobius vermicularis

treatment = mebendazole

Question 21

ascending lymphangitis

Answer 21

sporotrichosis

Question 22

what causes sporotrichosis

Answer 22

sporothrix schenckii

Question 23

what 2 infections can be diagnosed with a urinary antigen test in CAP

Answer 23

legionella and strep. pneumoniae

Question 24

boat shaped organism

Answer 24

pneumocystis jirovici

Question 25

cold aglutinin test

Answer 25

mycoplasma pneumonia atypical but common. At risk of SJS(10% skin coverage or toxic epidermal necrolysis when over 30%) and AIHI erythema multiforme myalgia common

Question 26

Causes of erythema multiforme

Answer 26

Target lesions HSV Mycomplasma Malignancy others

Question 27

Causes of TEN/SJS

Answer 27

PCPC CANALSS ``` Phenytoin carbamazepine Peniciliin cephalosporins ciprofloxacin Allopurinol NSAIDS ART Lamotrigine Sulphonamides Sertraline ```

Question 28

what is herpangina

Answer 28

small vesicles in the roof of the mouth typically seen in hand foot and mouth - cocksackie A

Question 29

what is exanthem subitum

Answer 29

roseola infantum - hhv6

Question 30

causes of acute necrotising encephalitis

Answer 30

viruses and herpes in questions?

Question 31

What is hairy leukoplakia and what causes it?

Answer 31

white patches on the sides of the tongue, presenting on a corrugated tongue. (pale rigid lesions) presents due to EBV in immunosuppressed individuals can give aciclovir

Question 32

contraindications to the influenza virus:

Answer 32

egg allergy? query

Question 33

haemophiliacs and those in receipt of regular transfusions of blood should be offered which vaccine primarily

Answer 33

hep b

Question 34

common causes of PUO

Answer 34

infection 25%, neoplasms, connective tissue disease, others

Question 35

Common classical PUO causes

Answer 35

Abcess Endocarditis TB complicated UTI dont forget travel history.

Question 36

4 stages of syphilis infection

Answer 36

primary - chancre secindary - macular papular rash and malaise, snail track oral ulcers latent - no symptoms tertiary - gumma - granulomas, cardiac aortitis, neurosyphilis - spirochaetes in csf.

Question 37

What causes visible genital warts

Answer 37

HPV 6/11 gardasil immunises against 6,11,16,18 podophylotoxin for home treatment cryotherapy or imiquimod

Question 38

which vaccine is given to a child at birth if the mother is at risk of transmitting?

Answer 38

Hep B

Question 39

halo sign on x ray

Answer 39

fungal infections typically aspergillosis

Question 40

urinary NAAT

Answer 40

chlamydia

Question 41

wet slide prep

Answer 41

trichomoniasis - discharge only flagilated protozoan t. vaginalis

Question 42

grey film over epiglottis? vaccine prevention

Answer 42

Diptheria? pseudomembrane over tonsils, huge neck?

Question 43

causes lumps on parotid and neck

Answer 43

mumps

Question 44

macular papular ash on face that can cause encephalitis and pneumonitis

Answer 44

measles

Question 45

lockjaw? vaccine prevention

Answer 45

tetanus?