Microbiology - Ch. 12 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Which two of the following diseases are no longer significant causes of mortality thanks to the availability of antibiotics?
- Measles
- Scarlet fever
- Diphtheria
- Rabies
- Scarlet fever
- Diphtheria
The term antimicrobials describes _________.
any drug that works against microbes, no matter which microbes are targets
Prophylaxis is a practice of administering an antimicrobial drug __________.
before the onset of the infection
T or F: The nature & sensitivity of the microorganism & the overall medical condition of the patient need to be considered before antimicrobial treatment begins.
T
- It is not false because: all three things should be considered before prescribing a drug treatment, but in cases where the risk from the infection is immediately severe, antibiotic treatment may be started before the identity of the microbe is known.
Which two of the following sources of information may contribute to an “informed best guess” for beginning antimicrobial therapy?
- Antibiotic susceptibility of the infecting microbe
- Analysis of patient symptoms
- Culture of the infecting microbe
- Direct examination of body fluids, sputum, or stool
- Analysis of patient symptoms
- Direct examination of body fluids, sputum, or stool
Antibiotics were first introduced in the _________.
early to mid-1900s
An all-inclusive term for any drug used to fight an infection, regardless of what type of microbe it targets, is ___________.
antimicrobial
The aerobic gram-__________ enteric ___________ are among the microbes that commonly show resistance to antibiotics.
negative; bacilli
The use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk is called _________.
prophylaxis
Which of the following are the three factors that should be known before selecting an antimicrobial drug?
- The nature of the infecting agent
- The sensitivity of the infecting agent
- The overall health of the patient
- The prevalence of the infecting agent in the community
- The patient’s prior history of exposure to the infecting agent
- The nature of the infecting agent
- The sensitivity of the infecting agent
- The overall health of the patient
Clinicians often use the strategy of ______ to treat infections, where a combination of the patient’s symptoms, local epidemiology, and preliminary observations provide a good clue to the basis of the infection, even if the identity of the infectious agent is not known.
informed best guess
The _________ technique is an agar diffusion test to determine antibiotic susceptibility of a particular bacterial strain.
Kirby-Bauer
Which two of the following diseases are no longer significant causes of mortality thanks to the availability of antibiotics?
- Scarlet fever
- Diphtheria
- Rabies
- Measles
- Scarlet fever
- Diphtheria
A profile of antimicrobial sensitivity based on the results of a Kirby-Bauer test is called a(n) _________.
antibiogram
Determining which antimicrobial agent is most effective against an infective microbe is essential when the infection is caused by bacteria that show resistance. Which two of the following organisms commonly show antibiotic resistance?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Streptomyces species
- Thermus aquaticus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Prophylaxis is a practice of administering an antimicrobial drug _______.
before the onset of the infection
T/F: The nature and sensitivity of the microorganism and the overall medical condition of the patient need to be considered before antimicrobial treatment begins.
True
- F: All three things should be considered before prescribing a drug treatment, but in cases where the risk from the infection is immediately severe, antibiotic treatment may be started before the identity of the microbe is known.
Why is it important to have a pure culture of the infecting organism for susceptibility testing?
A mixed culture will show variable results as different microbes will have different susceptibilities
An agar diffusion test to determine antimicrobial susceptibility is the __________-___________ technique, and it is performed by placing discs soaked with antibiotics onto test bacteria spread on a plate.
Kirby; Bauer
The aerobic gram-________ enteric ________ are among the microbes that commonly show resistance to antibiotics.
negative; bacilli
The zones of inhibition surrounding the discs in a Kirby-Bauer test are measured and compared with a standard for each drug. The resulting profile of antimicrobial sensitivity is called a(n) _________.
antibiogram
Beta-lactam drugs target members of Domain __________
Bacteria
Natural penicillins and cephalosporins are made by members of Domain __________
Eukarya
The mechanism of beta-lactam drugs causes the targeted microbial agents to be susceptible to _________
Osmotic pressure
