Microbiology - Ch. 7

Question 1

Which cellular organisms can viruses infect?
- Bacteria
- Protozoa
- Other viruses
- Fungi
- Animals
- Plants

Answer 1

• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Animals
• Plants

Question 2

One of the smallest animal viruses, parvovirus, is approximately what size?
- 20 nanometers
- 0.2 millimeters
- 20 micrometers

Answer 2

20 nanometers

Question 3

All viruses are composed of at least nucleic acid covered by a coating comprised of _____________.

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

T/F: The viral envelope and capsid are the same thing.

Answer 4

• F
  T: The viral envelope is composed of phospholipids while the capsid is composed of capsomer proteins.

Question 5

The structure directly surrounding the viral nucleic acid is the ___________, a coat of proteins.

Answer 5

capsid

Question 6

Different viruses can infect which of the following?
- Human cells only
- Bacterial cells only
- Plant cells only
- Human, bacterial, or plant cells

Answer 6

Human, bacterial, or plant cells

Question 7

Which unit is typically used to measure the size of a virus?
- Nanometer
- Meter
- Micrometer
- Picometer

Answer 7

Nanometer

Question 8

Collectively, the capsid and nucleic acid of a virus are referred to as the __________.

Answer 8

nucleocapsid

Question 9

At minimum, all viruses are composed of ___________.

Answer 9

Proteins; Nucleic acids

Question 10

A virus that has a membranous layer external to the nucleocapsid is called a(n) _________ virus.

Answer 10

enveloped

Question 11

Which is closest in physical proximity to the nucleic acid of a virus?
- Envelope
- Capsid
- Spike

Answer 11

• Capsid
  Envelope: the envelope encloses the capsid.

Question 12

Which structure immediately encloses viral nucleic acid?
- The capsid
- The cell wall
- The envelope

Answer 12

The capsid

Question 13

Which cellular organisms can viruses infect?
- Plants
- Animals
- Bacteria
- Other viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa

Answer 13

• Plants
• Animals
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoa

Question 14

A nonenveloped virus is also called a(n) __________ virus.

Answer 14

naked

Question 15

What are all of the components of a(n) nucleocapsid?

Answer 15

Capsid & Nucleic acid

Question 16

A fully formed, single virus particle is known as a(n) _________.

Answer 16

virion

Question 17

Which term is used to describe the phospholipid bilayer found surrounding the capsid of some viruses?
- Phagosome
- Envelope
- Vacuole
- Cell membrane

Answer 17

• Envelope
  Phagosome: Many viruses possess an outer covering called the envelope, usually a modified piece of a host cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer).

Question 18

T/F: The viral envelope and capsid are the same thing.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

A protein subunit that forms a viral capsid is called a(n) __________.

Answer 19

capsomere

Question 20

Which macromolecule composes capsomeres?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
- Proteins

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 20

The structure directly surrounding the viral nucleic acid is the ________, a coat of proteins.

Answer 20

capsid

Question 21

Typically, naked helical viruses are ________ flexible than enveloped helical viruses.

Answer 21

less

Question 22

A virus that does not have an envelope surrounding its capsid is referred to as a(n) ________ virus.

Answer 22

naked

Question 23

A fully formed viral particle, capable of infecting a host cell, is called a ________.
- hapten
- serotype
- prion
- virion

Answer 23

virion

Question 24

A virus that has a membranous layer external to the nucleocapsid is called a(n) __________ virus.

Answer 24

enveloped

Question 25

Which of the following is the monomeric unit of a viral capsid? - Capsomere - Fiber - Protein - Facet - Amino acid

Answer 25

Capsomere

Question 26

Capsomeres are composed of __________. (Hint: it is a macromolecule)

Answer 26

protein

Question 27

Capsids that are rigid and tight are typical of _________ helical viruses, while capsids of __________ helical viruses are flexible & loose.

Answer 27

- naked; enveloped Naked; nonenveloped, nonenveloped; naked: naked viruses are nonenveloped viruses w/ rigid capsids.

Question 28

A fully formed, single virus particle is known as a(n) _______.

Answer 28

virion

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding the membrane on an enveloped virus is true? - Viruses insert their own proteins in the membrane. - The viral envelope is not a lipid bilayer. - The membrane gives the virus particle a distinct shape. - The membrane is identical to the host cell membrane.

Answer 28

Viruses insert their own proteins in the membrane.

Question 29

Which term is used to describe the phospholipid bilayer found surrounding the capsid of some viruses?

Answer 29

Envelope

Question 30

What term is used to describe the viral proteins which protrude from the envelope and aid in attachment to host receptors?

Answer 30

Spikes

Question 31

A protein subunit that forms a viral capsid is called a(n) _____.

Answer 31

capsomere

Question 32

Viruses are classified into families based on genetic makeup, chemical composition, and __________.

Answer 32

Structure

Question 32

Which macromolecule composes capsomeres?

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

Typically, naked helical viruses are _______ flexible than enveloped helical viruses.

Answer 33

less

Question 34

When an enveloped virus buds off the cell membrane, the membrane _________ differ(s) from the host cell's membrane.

Answer 34

significantly

Question 34

Viruses ________ depend on a host cell for replication

Answer 34

completely

Question 35

Viral glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope and attach to host cell receptors are termed __________.

Answer 35

Spikes