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Microbiology - Clinical Guide Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Conventional Bacteria

A

Rods and Cocci

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2
Q

4 main microbes causing pneumoniae-meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenza,N. meningitis and Moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

Prinicipal players of pneumoniae and meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae and H. influenza

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4
Q

G+ diplococcus causing otitis, acute sinusitis, pneumoniae and meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae

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5
Q

G- rod causing otitis, acute sinusitis, pneumoniae and meningitis

A

H. influenza

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6
Q

Virulence factors of S. pneumoniae and H. influenza

A

Capsules

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7
Q

What kind of organisms cause meningitis

A

Encapsulated organisms

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8
Q

G- diplococcus causing otitis, acute sinusitis, pneumoniae and meningitis

A

N. meningitis

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9
Q

Organism causing otitis, sinusitis, brochitis, mild pneumonia in COPD and elderly patients

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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10
Q

Mouth aerobes

A

Alpha virdans and Neisseria and HACEK organisms

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11
Q

Mouth aerobe that causes endocarditis and dental abscesses

A

Virdans Strep

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12
Q

Organism causing dental caries

A

Strep. mutans

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13
Q

HACEK organisms

A

HEmophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

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14
Q

Name “Bad Staph”( infect healthy people) and what it can cause

A

S. aureus. Skin infection,wound infection, sepsis, metastasize, toxic shock and nosocomial pathogen

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15
Q

Coagulase + and Catalase +

A

S. aureus

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16
Q

Name “Not so bad” Staphs(need predisposing factor to cause disease) and what it causes

A

S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus

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17
Q

What does the two “Not so bad” Stap cause

A

S. epidermidis - Infections with indwelling plastic devices.
S. saprophyticus - UTIs in young women

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18
Q

What are the “Bad Strep”

A 
Group A ( S. pyrogenes) and 
Group B (S. agalactiae)
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19
Q

Group A Strep location and what it causes

A

On mucous membrane and skin. Causes strep throat, scarlet fever and impetigo, rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

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20
Q

Group B Strep location and what it causes

A

Live in the colon and vagina. Causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates.
Sepsis, arthritis, meningitis in adults and diabetics

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21
Q

Leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonates

A

Group B Streptococcus

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22
Q

Not so bad Strep

A

Viridans Strep. (Alpha and Gamma hemolytic species)

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23
Q

What Strep is linked to colon cancer

A

S. bovis

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24
Q

World’s most antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

Enterococci

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25
Enterobacteriaceae organisms
E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
26
Non-fermenters
Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
27
Diseases G- can cause
UTIs, intra-abdominal infections and sepsis
28
Strict anaerobes cause what diseases and how
By doing it in combination with aerobes. Aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses, chronic infections
29
Honorary bacterium
Candida- a yeast but does everything a bacterium does
30
Intracellular organism non-typical G- rods, causing visceral abscess, osteomyelitis
Non-typhoid Salmonella
31
Relapsing fever, rat bite fever caused by
Spirochetes causing syphilis,lyme disease, leptospirosis
32
Diagnostic for spirochetes
Serology
33
Chronic, focal infections of the lung, severe disseminated infections in immunocompromised people
Actinomycetes - Actinomyces, Norcardia
34
Chronic meningitis in normal and immunocompromised hosts, capsule seen with india ink stain of CSF
Cryptococcus(yeast)
35
Fungo that causes necrotizing sinusitis invaded the brain of a diabetic ketoacidodic patient that is immunocompromised - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Zygomycetes (mold)
36
Subcutaneous nodular inflammatory lesions in a lymphatic vessel after a puncture wound (lymphangitis) , especially in gardners using sphagnum moss
Sporothrix- yeast
37
Which is most apt to invade CNS and cause meningitis, Histoplasma, Coccidioides or Blastomyces
Coccidioides
38
Leading cause of Atypical pneumoniae
Mycoplasma
39
Most commonly sexually transmitted GU pathogen
C. trachomatis
40
Severe febrile pneumoniae from birds
Chlamydia psittaci
41
Urethrits, Cervicitis and PID
N. gonorrheae
42
Intracellular organism with unusual cell wall, cannot make own ATP
Chlamydia
43
Insect vector, causing rash, fever and headache
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Rickettsiae
44
Treatement of Rickettsiae
Doxycycline
45
cat scratch disease, trench fever, peliosis hepatitis, bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonellae
46
Agent of ehrlichiosis, prolonged febrile illness, different cytopenias in the blood
Anaplasmataceae
47
Organism causing fever of unknown origin
Bartonellosis and Ehrilichiosis
48
Single celled parasites names
Protozoa - toxoplasma, entamoeba, giardia, cryptosporidium, trichomonas, pneumocystis( a fungus)
49
Multicellular parasites
helminths - Strongyloides, Toxocara, and worms
50
Worm with entire life cycle in humans, causing hyperinfection syndrome
Strongyloides- human hookworm
51
"Piggyback sepsis"
When Strongyloides take E. coli with them
52
Asymptomatic in humans, fever, wheezing, hepatosplenomegaly, eosinophilia, visceral larva migrans
Toxocara( dog roundworm)
53
Common intestinal nematodes
roundworm , pinworm, whipworm, gookworm and ringworm
54
What worms invade the liver to cause cysts
Echinococcus
55
What worms invade the brain to cause cysts causing headaches and seizures ( neurocysticercosis )
Taenia solium
56
Commonest parasitic disease worldwide
Ascaris
57
What virus cause acute infections
RNA viruses
58
What virus cause chronic infections
DNA viruses and retroviruses
59
The silent epidemic
Hep C
60
cold sores and severe necrotizing encephalitis
HSV -1
61
Commonest manifestation of HSV-1 in an immunocompromised patient is
Esophagitis
62
What virus is an indication for cesarean delivery
HSV-2 - genital herpes
63
What causes chickenpox and shingles
VZV
64
Principal cause of mononucleosis and can cause lymphoma
EBV
65
Aymptomatic in childhood yet causes a mono-like-illness in an adult
CMV
66
What disease does HHV-6 cause
roseola-baby measles and febrile seizures in kids
67
What cells does HHV-6 infect?
CD4 cells
68
What causes Kaposi sarcoma
HHV-8

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