Microbiology- Worms 1

Question 1

Perianal scratch mainly at night. What test to diagnose?

Answer 1

Pinworm - Enterobius Vermicularis

Scotch tape test

Question 2

Epidemiology of pinworm?

Answer 2

Crowded areas - daycare

Question 3

Treatment of Enterobius Vermicularis

Answer 3

Pyrental pamoate or Mebendazole

Question 4

Enterobius Vermicularis life cycle?

Answer 4

Egg in anus then into mouth then larvae in small intestine and then adult in cecum

Question 5

What makes up the metazoans?

Answer 5

Multicellular - helminths, roundworms(nematodes), flatworms (trematodes, cestodes).

Question 6

Life cycle of metazoans

Answer 6

Eggs—>Larval—.Adult stage

Question 7

What makes up the protozoans?

Answer 7

Single celled, flagellates ( leishmania, giardia, trypanosoma), amoeba ( Entamoeba, Naegleria)

Question 8

What is a reservoir

Answer 8

host which maintains the parasite in natureas a source of transmission

Question 9

What is a definitive host

Answer 9

host where sexual reproduction takes place

Question 10

What is an intermediate host

Answer 10

host where development occurs and NOT sexual reproduction

Question 11

What is accidental host

Answer 11

host where parasite cannot complete its life cycle

Question 12

Life Cycle of Whipworm and what stage is infective

Answer 12

Eggs in soil–>Swallowed–>Attach to gut wall–>Eggs excreted( not infective)–.Embryonate in soil (infective)

Question 13

Clinical presentation of whipworm and treatment

Answer 13

Asymptomatic, chronic blood loss like inflammatory bowel disease. Mebendazoel or Albendazole

Question 14

Life Cycle of Hookworm

Answer 14

Eggs in feceas->Rhabtiform Larva hatches->Filariform larvae penetrates skin->Adults in small intestine

Question 15

Hookworm Name and pathogenesis and treatment

Answer 15

Necator americanus. Have teeth to eat and produce anticoagulant. Mebendazole

Question 16

Effects of Hookworm infection

Answer 16

Iron deficiency

Question 17

Ascaris Lumbricoides. Features, Diagnosis. Treatment

Answer 17

Eggs irregular coating, intestinal obstruction, Eggs in stool. Pyrantel pamoate/Mebendazole

Question 18

Toxocara canis ( visceral larva migrans)

Answer 18

Eggs from dog or cat roundworm ingested. Larva peetrate and go to liver, lungs and eyes causing inflammation. Human is accidental host

Question 19

Toxocara canis ( cutaneous larva migrans)

Answer 19

Larva penetrates skin, migrates in subcutaneous tissue and cause inflammation

Question 20

Worm in sputum of immuno-comprised host

Answer 20

Strongyloides stercoralis. Infective stage is filariform larvae

Question 21

Diagnostic stage Strongyloide stercoralis

Answer 21

Rabtidiform larvae

Question 22

Infective stage of Strongyloide stercoralis

Answer 22

Filariform larvae

Question 23

What organism does auto-infection? Explain

Answer 23

Strongyloides stercoralis - Filariform in blood gets to lungs, then is swallowed into small intestine to become an adult. Eggs laid and Rabtidiform in large intestines become filariform larvae and penetrate the skin to get into blood and then lungs

Question 24

Diagnosis of Strongyloides

Answer 24

Serology

Question 25

Loeffler syndrome

Answer 25

Lung migration by Strongyloides

Question 26

Treatment

Answer 26

Ivermectin, Albendazole

Question 27

Aopted child from endemic country with eosinophilia

Answer 27

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 28

Hunter with fever, periorbital edema, abdominal pain and diarrhea

Answer 28

Trichinella spiralis

Question 29

Infective Stage and Diagnostic stage of Trichinella?

Answer 29

Encysted larvae in straited muscle for both

Question 30

Sources of infection with Trichinella spiralis

Answer 30

Poorly cooked meat, pork

Question 31

Source of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

Answer 31

Mosquito

Question 32

What stage is diagnostic for Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

Answer 32

Microfilaria in blood stream at night, serology for Dx. Adults in lymphatics

Question 33

Pathophysiology of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

Answer 33

Adults die in lymphatics, calcifying and causing blockages resulting in elephantiasis.

Question 34

Treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

Answer 34

Diethylcarbamazine

Question 35

Organism causing multiple holes in a brain from a person in a rural area

Answer 35

TB or tapeworm( neurocysticercosis)

Question 36

Parts of a tapeworm and sex

Answer 36

Head with sucking ( scolex), proglottids ( segments with uteri) and hermaphrodites

Question 37

Mode of transmission for tapeworms ( 2)

Answer 37

Cattle ( T. saginata), Pigs ( T. solium)

Question 38

Diagnostic stage and Infective stage of tapeworms

Answer 38

Eggs or gravid proglottids in stool and Cysticerci

Question 39

What causes neurocysticercosis

Answer 39

T. solium - neurologic, ocular or muscular

Question 40

Treatment

Answer 40

Praziquantel and confirm with scolex

Question 41

Echinococcus granulosus definitive host

Answer 41

Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes

Question 42

Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host

Answer 42

sheep, goats

Question 43

Echinococcus granulosus diagnostic stage

Answer 43

Hydadid cyst in liver or lung

Question 44

Echinococcus granulosus infective stage

Answer 44

Embryonated eggs in feces

Question 45

Pathophysiology of Hydatid cyst

Answer 45

Liver cyst so appears as slow growing liver cancer.

Question 46

Treatment of Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 46

Mebendazole and Surgery. For surgery kill with ethanol first before removal to prevent anaphylaxis on rupture

Question 47

Intermediate host of Schistosomiasis

Answer 47

Water snail

Question 48

Infective stage of Schistosomiasis

Answer 48

Cercariae

Question 49

Diagnostic stages

Answer 49

Feceas - S. mansoni and japonicum. Urine- S. hematobium

Question 50

Organism with many nuclei and RBCs in it

Answer 50

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 51

Flask shape ulcers in large intestine

Answer 51

E. histolytica

Question 52

Infective stage of E. histolytica

Answer 52

Matured cysts and trophozoites in stools

Question 53

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica

Answer 53

Matured cysts, trophozoite,

Question 54

Diagnosis of E. Histolytica

Answer 54

Cysts in stools, serology, antigen

Question 55

Treatment of E. Histolytica

Answer 55

Metronidazole for symptomatic infection, Paromomycin for eradication of luminal carriage

Question 56

Fresh water infection or tapwater in neti pots that migrates to the brain ( rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis)

Answer 56

Naegleria fowleri

Question 57

Treatment of Naegleria fowleri

Answer 57

Amphotericin B against in vitro infection

Question 58

Strawberry cervix with frothy vaginal discharge

Answer 58

Trichomonas ( no cysts formed so cannot live outside of humans)

Question 59

Life Cycle of Trichomonas

Answer 59

Just human beings. Cannot survive out of humans. Divides by binary fission

Question 60

Diagnosis of Trichomonas

Answer 60

Trophoziotes on wet mount (motile)

Question 61

Trophozoites with 2 nuceil, bilateral symmetry and Cysts with 4 nuclei

Answer 61

Giardia

Question 62

Foul smelling, fatty diarrhea

Answer 62

Giardia

Question 63

Diagnosis of Giardia

Answer 63

Cysts and trophozoites in stools

Question 64

Treatment of Giardia

Answer 64

Metronidazole

Question 65

Infective stage of Giardia

Answer 65

Cysts in food, water and stools

Question 66

Diagnosis of Giardia

Answer 66

Trophozoites in stool and cysts

Question 67

How Giardia reproduces

Answer 67

Longitudinal binary fission