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Histopathology > Microtomy > Flashcards

Microtomy Flashcards

1
Q

For cutting celloidin embedded tissues

A

Sliding microtome

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2
Q

For cutting very hard tissue or blocks

A

Base-Sledge microtome

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3
Q

Block remains stationary while the knife moves forward and backward; most dangerous

A

Standard sliding microtome

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4
Q

Most popular and most common type; for cutting paraffin embedded tissues; microtome inside cryostats

A

Rotary microtome

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5
Q

Simplest; for cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues

A

Rocking/Cambridge microtome

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6
Q

For cutting unembedded frozen sections; replaced by cryostat

A

Freezing microtome

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7
Q

Cutting specimen into extremely thin sections (0.5u) for EM

A

Ultrathin microtome

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8
Q

Invented the sliding microtome

A

Adams

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9
Q

Invented the rotary microtome

A

Minot

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10
Q

Invented the rocking microtome

A

Paldwell & Trefall

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11
Q

Invented the freezing microtome

A

Queckett

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12
Q

Invented the ultrathin microtome

A

Germans

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13
Q

One side of the knife is flat/straight while the other is concave

A

Plane concave

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14
Q

Side of the knife used to cut celloidin tissues

A

Flat/straight

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15
Q

Side of the knife used to cut paraffin tissues

A

Concave

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16
Q

Base-sledge/Rocking/Rotary microtome

A

Plane concave

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17
Q

With both sides concave (e.g. rotary microtome)

A

Biconcave

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18
Q

Have both sides straight (frozen sections and extremely hard or tough specimens)

(E.g. base-sledge, sliding microtomes)

A

Plane wedge

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19
Q

Most commonly used knife for section cutting at present

A

Disposable blades

20
Q

The angle formed between actual cutting edges

A

Bevel angle (27-32)

21
Q

Perfect and optimum cutting angle is obtained using maximum penetration of tissues and minimizing distortion

A

Inclination angle (15)

22
Q

To preven uneven sections (alternate thin and thick sections)

A

Clearance angle (5-10)

23
Q

Cut by rotary and rocking microtomes

A

Paraffin section (4-6u)

24
Q

Cut by sliding microtome

A

Celloidin section (10-15u)

25
Q

Unbroken sequence of sections; all sections are saved

A

Serial sections

26
Q

For fluorescent antibody staining and histochemical studies

A

Cryostat/Cold microtome

27
Q

For urgent tissue biopsies and intraoperative diagnosis

A

Cryostat/Cold microtome

28
Q

Cryostat/Cold microtome optimum working temp.

A

-5 to -30 degC or -18 to -20 degC

29
Q

Staining methods for cryostat sections

A

1) H&E staining
2) Loeffler’s polychrome methylene blue

30
Q

For rapid diagnosis; for lipids and nervous tissue elements

A

Frozen sections

31
Q

Methods of preparing frozen sections

A

1) cold knife procedure
2) cryostat procedure

32
Q

Methods of freezing

A

1) Liquid nitrogen
2) Ispentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
3) Carbon dioxide gas
4) Aerosol sprays

33
Q

Preserve tissues by rapid freezing (quenching) and removing water (dessication)

A

Freeze drying

34
Q

Similar to freeze drying but tissue is fixed in Rossman’s fluid or 1% acetone and dehydrated in absolute alcohol

A

Freeze substitution

35
Q

Removal of gross nicks and irregularities on knife edge

A

Honing

36
Q

Used only for badly nicked knives

A

Carborundum hone

37
Q

Stone of medium fineness

A

Arkansas stone

38
Q

The finest hone

A

Yellow Belgian/Belgium

39
Q

Oil stone

A

Belgian black vein

40
Q

Process where the burr is removed; knife is polished and sharpened

A

Stropping

41
Q

Honing direction

A

Heel to toe

42
Q

Stropping direction

A

Toe to heel

43
Q

Used for trimming and semi-thin sectioning of tissue blocks for EM

A

Glass knives

44
Q

To cut any type of resin block for EM; brittle and expensive but durable

A

Diamond knives

45
Q

Knife for cryostat

A

Magnetic knife

46
Q

Device used to flatten sections

A

Floating-out bath

47
Q

Floating-out bath thermostat

A

45 degC (45-50 degC) about 10 degC below mp of wax

Histopathology (12 decks)

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